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Lithium abundances and rotational behavior for bright giant stars
Aims.We study the links possibly existing between the lithium content ofbright giant stars and their rotational velocity. Methods: .Weperformed a spectral analysis of 145 bright giant stars (luminosityclass II) spanning the spectral range from F3 to K5. All these starshave homogeneous rotational velocity measurements available in theliterature. Results: .For all the stars of the sample, we provideconsistent lithium abundances (A_Li), effective temperatures (T_eff),projected rotational velocity (v sin i), mean metallicity ([Fe/H]),stellar mass, and an indication of the stellar multiplicity. The gradualdecrease in lithium abundance with T_eff is confirmed for bright giantstars, and it points to a dilution factor that is at least assignificant as in giant stars. From the F to K spectral types, the A_Lispans at least three orders of magnitude, reflecting the effects ofstellar mass and evolution on dilution. Conclusions: .We find thatthe behavior of A_Li as a function of v sin i in bright giant starspresents the same trend as is observed in giants and subgiants: starswith high A_Li are moderate or fast rotators, while stars with low A_Lishow a wide range of v sin i values.
| CHARM2: An updated Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements
We present an update of the Catalog of High Angular ResolutionMeasurements (CHARM, Richichi & Percheron \cite{CHARM}, A&A,386, 492), which includes results available until July 2004. CHARM2 is acompilation of direct measurements by high angular resolution methods,as well as indirect estimates of stellar diameters. Its main goal is toprovide a reference list of sources which can be used for calibrationand verification observations with long-baseline optical and near-IRinterferometers. Single and binary stars are included, as are complexobjects from circumstellar shells to extragalactic sources. The presentupdate provides an increase of almost a factor of two over the previousedition. Additionally, it includes several corrections and improvements,as well as a cross-check with the valuable public release observationsof the ESO Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI). A total of 8231entries for 3238 unique sources are now present in CHARM2. Thisrepresents an increase of a factor of 3.4 and 2.0, respectively, overthe contents of the previous version of CHARM.The catalog is only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/431/773
| A catalogue of calibrator stars for long baseline stellar interferometry
Long baseline stellar interferometry shares with other techniques theneed for calibrator stars in order to correct for instrumental andatmospheric effects. We present a catalogue of 374 stars carefullyselected to be used for that purpose in the near infrared. Owing toseveral convergent criteria with the work of Cohen et al.(\cite{cohen99}), this catalogue is in essence a subset of theirself-consistent all-sky network of spectro-photometric calibrator stars.For every star, we provide the angular limb-darkened diameter, uniformdisc angular diameters in the J, H and K bands, the Johnson photometryand other useful parameters. Most stars are type III giants withspectral types K or M0, magnitudes V=3-7 and K=0-3. Their angularlimb-darkened diameters range from 1 to 3 mas with a median uncertaintyas low as 1.2%. The median distance from a given point on the sky to theclosest reference is 5.2degr , whereas this distance never exceeds16.4degr for any celestial location. The catalogue is only available inelectronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr(130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/393/183
| CHARM: A Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements
The Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements (CHARM) includesmost of the measurements obtained by the techniques of lunaroccultations and long-baseline interferometry at visual and infraredwavelengths, which have appeared in the literature or have otherwisebeen made public until mid-2001. A total of 2432 measurements of 1625sources are included, along with extensive auxiliary information. Inparticular, visual and infrared photometry is included for almost allthe sources. This has been partly extracted from currently availablecatalogs, and partly obtained specifically for CHARM. The main aim is toprovide a compilation of sources which could be used as calibrators orfor science verification purposes by the new generation of largeground-based facilities such as the ESO Very Large Interferometer andthe Keck Interferometer. The Catalog is available in electronic form atthe CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/386/492, and from theauthors on CD-Rom.
| Spectral Irradiance Calibration in the Infrared. XII. Radiometric Measurements from the Midcourse Space Experiment
We describe the series of absolute stellar irradiance calibrationexperiments conducted by the Midcourse Space Experiment (MSX). Theseexperiments validate the published absolute irradiances of our primaryand secondary standards, namely, α CMa and a set of bright K-Mgiant stars, and confirm their radiometric ``closure'' (relativeirradiances). We also validate the absolute spectra of 29 of the faintercalibrators that have been previously published using MSX data. Thiswork underpins the absolute calibrators provided for DIRBE, IRTS, ISO,our all-sky network of 422 fainter calibration stars (Paper X), and theMSX Point Source Catalog, and it is now being extended to accommodatecalibrators for SIRTF.
| Radial Velocities, Binarity, and Kinematic Membership in the Open Cluster NGC 2516
We present echelle spectroscopic observations for 36 bright (V<9.6)stars in the open cluster NGC 2516, including several blue stragglercandidates and four red giants. Radial velocities are derived bycross-correlations using high signal-to-noise ratio standard spectra astemplates. From 22 cluster members a mean cluster velocity of+22.0+/-0.2 km s-1 was derived. Membership probabilities ofthe observed stars are computed on the basis of their distance to thecluster center and kinematic criteria. We report the discovery of threedouble-lined spectroscopic binaries and several probable binaries amongmain-sequence stars. A binary frequency of more than 26% is found amongthe high-mass main-sequence stars. The blue straggler HD 66341 is aslowly rotating cluster member with constant velocity, while HD 66194 isa fast-rotating Be star with probable variations in radial velocity.Other blue straggler candidates, such as HD 65663, 65950, 66066, and65987, must be considered turnoff stars. The observations presented herewere obtained at the Complejo Astronómico El Leoncito (CASLEO),which is operated under agreement between the Consejo Nacional deInvestigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de laRepública Argentina (CONICET) and the national universities of LaPlata, Córdoba, and San Juan.
| Absolute proper motions of open clusters. I. Observational data
Mean proper motions and parallaxes of 205 open clusters were determinedfrom their member stars found in the Hipparcos Catalogue. 360 clusterswere searched for possible members, excluding nearby clusters withdistances D < 200 pc. Members were selected using ground basedinformation (photometry, radial velocity, proper motion, distance fromthe cluster centre) and information provided by Hipparcos (propermotion, parallax). Altogether 630 certain and 100 possible members werefound. A comparison of the Hipparcos parallaxes with photometricdistances of open clusters shows good agreement. The Hipparcos dataconfirm or reject the membership of several Cepheids in the studiedclusters. Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at theCDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Ca II activity and rotation in F-K evolved stars
Ca II H and K high resolution observations for 60 evolved stars in thefield and in 5 open clusters are presented. From these spectrachromospheric fluxes are derived, and a homogeneous sample of more than100 giants is built adding data from the literature. In addition, formost stars, rotational velocities were derived from CORAVELobservations. By comparing chromospheric emission in the cluster starswe confirm the results of Pasquini & Brocato (1992): chromosphericactivity depends on the stellar effective temperature, and mass, whenintermediate mass stars (M ~ 4 Msun) are considered. TheHyades and the Praesepe clump giants show the same level of activity, asexpected from stars with similar masses and effective temperatures. Adifference of up to 0.4 dex in the chromospheric fluxes among the Hyadesgiants is recorded and this sets a clear limit to the intrinsic spreadof stellar activity in evolved giants. These differences in otherwisevery similar stars are likely due to stellar cycles and/or differencesin the stellar initial angular momentum. Among the field stars none ofthe giants with (V-R)o < 0.4 and Ia supergiants observedshows a signature of Ca II activity; this can be due either to the realabsence of a chromosphere, but also to other causes which preclude theappearance of Ca II reversal. By analyzing the whole sample we find thatchromospheric activity scales linearly with stellar rotational velocityand a high power of stellar effective temperature: F'k ~Teff7.7 (Vsini)0.9. This result can beinterpreted as the effect of two chromospheric components of differentnature: one mechanical and one magnetic. Alternatively, by using theHipparcos parallaxes and evolutionary tracks, we divide the sampleaccording to the stellar masses, and we follow the objects along anevolutionary track. For each range of masses activity can simply beexpressed as a function of only one parameter: either theTeff or the angular rotation Omega , with laws F'k~ Omega alpha , because angular velocity decreases witheffective temperature along an evolutionary track. By using theevolutionary tracks and the observed Vsini we investigate the evolutionof the angular momentum for evolved stars in the range 1-5Msun. For the 1.6-3 solar mass stars the data are consistentwith the IOmega =const law while lower and higher masses follow a lawsimilar to IOmega 2=const, where I is the computed stellarmomentum of inertia. We find it intriguing that Vsini remains almostconstant for 1Msun stars along their evolution; if a similarbehavior is shared by Pop II stars, this could explain the relativelyhigh degree of activity observed in Pop II giants. Finally, through theuse of models, we have verified the consistency of the F'k ~Omega alpha and the IOmega beta = Const lawsderived, finding an excellent agreement. This representation, albeitcrude (the models do not consider, for instance, mass losses) representsthe evolution of Ca II activity and of the angular momentum in asatisfactory way in most of the portion of HR diagram analyzed.Different predictions could be tested with observations in selectedclusters. Based on observations collected at ESO, La Silla. Tables 1-3are only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Revision and Calibration of MK Luminosity Classes for Cool Giants by HIPPARCOS Parallaxes
The Hipparcos parallaxes of cool giants are utilized in two ways in thispaper. First, a plot of reduced parallaxes of stars brighter than 6.5,as a function of spectral type, for the first time separates members ofthe clump from stars in the main giant ridge. A slight modification ofthe MK luminosity standards has been made so that luminosity class IIIbdefines members of the clump, and nearly all of the class III stars fallwithin the main giant ridge. Second, a new calibration of MK luminosityclasses III and IIIb in terms of visual absolute magnitudes has beenmade.
| Spectral Irradiance Calibration in the Infrared. X. A Self-Consistent Radiometric All-Sky Network of Absolutely Calibrated Stellar Spectra
We start from our six absolutely calibrated continuous stellar spectrafrom 1.2 to 35 μm for K0, K1.5, K3, K5, and M0 giants. These wereconstructed as far as possible from actual observed spectral fragmentstaken from the ground, the Kuiper Airborne Observatory, and the IRAS LowResolution Spectrometer, and all have a common calibration pedigree.From these we spawn 422 calibrated ``spectral templates'' for stars withspectral types in the ranges G9.5-K3.5 III and K4.5-M0.5 III. Wenormalize each template by photometry for the individual stars usingpublished and/or newly secured near- and mid-infrared photometryobtained through fully characterized, absolutely calibrated,combinations of filter passband, detector radiance response, and meanterrestrial atmospheric transmission. These templates continue ourongoing effort to provide an all-sky network of absolutely calibrated,spectrally continuous, stellar standards for general infrared usage, allwith a common, traceable calibration heritage. The wavelength coverageis ideal for calibration of many existing and proposed ground-based,airborne, and satellite sensors, particularly low- tomoderate-resolution spectrometers. We analyze the statistics of probableuncertainties, in the normalization of these templates to actualphotometry, that quantify the confidence with which we can assert thatthese templates truly represent the individual stars. Each calibratedtemplate provides an angular diameter for that star. These radiometricangular diameters compare very favorably with those directly observedacross the range from 1.6 to 21 mas.
| Open clusters with Hipparcos. I. Mean astrometric parameters
New memberships, mean parallaxes and proper motions of all 9 openclusters closer than 300 pc (except the Hyades) and 9rich clusters between 300 and 500 pc have been computed using Hipparcosdata. Precisions, ranging from 0.2 to 0.5 mas for parallaxes and 0.1 to0.5 mas/yr for proper motions, are of great interest for calibratingphotometric parallaxes as well as for kinematical studies. Carefulinvestigations of possible biases have been performed and no evidence ofsignificant systematic errors on the mean cluster parallaxes has beenfound. The distances and proper motions of 32 more distant clusters,which may be used statistically, are also indicated. Based onobservations made with the ESA Hipparcos astrometry satellite
| ROSAT survey of stellar X-ray sources in the young open cluster NGC 2516.
The ROSAT PSPC detector was used to obtain a deep pointing with itscenter on the young open cluster NGC 2516 and total integration time of9284 sec. Altogether 64 X-ray sources were detected showing strongconcentration towards the optical cluster centre. This suggests thatmost of the sources are actually associated with NGC 2516. 42 of thesesources could be identified with optical stars in the field of thecluster; after correction for a mean offset between optical and nominalROSAT positions of about 13", optical star and X-ray source positionsare found to agree, on the average, within about 9", while maximumobserved positional differences amount to 27". X-ray sources identifiedwith optical cluster stars include HR 3147 (=HD 66194; B2.5IVe), thevisually brightest B star in the cluster, three close visual late B-typebinaries (h 4027 A,B, h 4031 A,B, and I 1104 A,B) with projectedseparations ranging between about 4x10^16^cm and 6x10^16^cm, as well asseveral (six) chemically peculiar Bp/Ap(Si) and Ap(SrCrEu) stars.According to their known spectral or photometric properties, opticalcounterparts for most identified cluster X-ray sources are main-sequencestars between spectral types B9 and K0. No indication for a pulsedcomponent of the X-ray flux pointing to a compact companion could bedetected from X-ray photon arrival times for the prominent bluestraggler star HR 3147, while one of the visual binary counterparts ofX-ray cluster sources (I 1104 A/B) possibly exhibits a pulsed component.The fact that about half of the chemically peculiar Bp/Ap stars known inthe cluster, all of them of the (magnetic) CP2 variety, are found to becounterparts to ROSAT X-ray sources, can be taken to suggest thatstellar magnetic fields play a role in generating X-ray fluxes fromearly-type main-sequence stars. Luminosities of X-ray sources detectedin the cluster are rather uniform, ranging betweenL_x_(0.1-2.5keV)=0.4x10^30^ and 4.5x10^30^erg/s. 80 percent of thesources have relatively hard spectra, X-ray photons being recorded onlyin PSPC high-energy channels above 0.5keV. For only very few (six)bright X-ray sources in the field of NGC 2516, at least 30% of observedX-ray quanta fall into the low-energy channels between 0.16 and 0.5keV;four of these soft-spectrum sources could be identified with opticallate-type stars in front of the cluster, including the nearby solar-typestar HR 3138 (=HD 65907, MK: G0V).
| Reality Tests of Superclusters in the Young Disk Population
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1995AJ....110.2862E&db_key=AST
| First giant branch and asymptotic giant branch stars in nearby aggregates
The properties of the brightest red stars in several aggregates in theGalaxy are compared with theoretical models. 22 asymptotic giant branch(AGB) stars are identified, four of which are in the thermally pulsingAGB (TPAGB) phase and four of which are TPAGB carbon stars. Also, fourcases of RGB stars are identified which have accreted substantial massfrom the carbon-rich TPAGB precursor of a current white dwarf companion.There is general agreement between the observed and theoretical slopesof the RGB and early AGB branches, and quantitative differences betweenthe positioning of observed sequences can be understood in terms ofdifferences in metallicity and mass predicted by the theory.
| Large and Kinematically Unbiased Samples of G- and K-Type Stars. III. Evolved Young Disk Stars in the Bright Star Sample
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1989PASP..101...54E&db_key=AST
| The Perkins catalog of revised MK types for the cooler stars
A catalog is presented listing the spectral types of the G, K, M, and Sstars that have been classified at the Perkins Observatory in therevised MK system. Extensive comparisons have been made to ensureconsistency between the MK spectral types of stars in the Northern andSouthern Hemispheres. Different classification spectrograms have beengradually improved in spite of some inherent limitations. In thecatalog, the full subclasses used are the following: G0, G5, G8, K0, K1,K2, K3, K4, K5, M0, M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, and M8. Theirregularities are the price paid for keeping the general scheme of theoriginal Henry Draper classification.
| Photometric metal abundances of high-luminosity red stars in young and intermediate-age open clusters
UBV, DDO, and Washinton photometry has been obtained for G and K starslocated in or near 22 young and intermediate-age open clusters. Nearly65 percent of the observed stars are found to have a high probability ofbeing cluster members, while the remaining 35 percent are likely to bered field stars. Five clusters (NGC 2383, NGC 3033, Ruprecht 20, NGC5168, and NGC 6249) probably do not contain any red giants. Sixteenclusters are found to be nearly solar in composition; three are slightlymetal-poor or metal-rich; one (Ruprecht 20) is moderately metal-poor(Fe/H = -0.3); and another (NGC 5617) is moderately metal-rich (Fe/H =0.3). None of the clusters with derived Washington abundances appear tobe enriched in elements of the CNO group.
| UBV photometry and the structure of the galactic cluster NGC 2516
UBV photoelectric magnitudes and colors for 106 stars, along withphotographic magnitudes and colors for 486 stars, in the vicinity of NGC2516 are presented. A true distance modulus of 8.18 + or - 0.38 mag isobtained which corresponds to a linear distance of 430 (-70,+80) pc.Evolutionary ages for the sample are found to average about 1.1 x 10 tothe 8th yr, while some of the brightest stars are much younger. Possibleexplanations for these different age groups are proposed.
| Yellow evolved stars in open clusters
This paper describes a program in which Galactic cluster post-AGBcandidates were first identified and then analyzed for clustermembership via radial velocities, monitored for possible photometricvariations, examined for evidence of mass loss, and classified ascompletely as possible in terms of their basic stellar parameters. Theintrinsically brightest supergiants are found in the youngest clusters.With increasing cluster age, the absolute luminosities attained by thesupergiants decline. It appears that the evolutionary tracks ofluminosity class II stars are more similar to those of class I than ofclass III. Only two superluminous giant star candidates are found inopen clusters.
| Narrow-band photometry of late-type stars. II
This paper presents extensive narrow-band photometry in the Uppsalasystem supplementing earlier published mesurements so that data now areavailable for all late-type stars brighter than V = 6.05 and a number ofgalactic cluster members. Numerous UBV and BV measurements are alsopublished. The data are used to determine relations for the predictionof UBV intrinsic colors for late-type stars from the narrow-bandmeasurements. The main purpose of the data is to constitute the basisfor the determination of solar-neighborhood space densities of late-typestars, mainly giants of different kinds; these space densities will becombined with narrow-band data for fainter stars in the north Galacticpole region to yield the decrease of space density with distance fromthe galactic plane for many kinds of late-type stars.
| Radial velocities of southern stars obtained with the photoelectric scanner CORAVEL. III - 790 late-type bright stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1985A&AS...59...15A&db_key=AST
| Stellar chromospheres - H-alpha and CA II K profiles
A set of medium to high-resolution observations of H-alpha and Ca II Klines in a sample of Population I stars is presented in order to examinethe systematics of H-alpha absorption profiles and to determineempirically the extent to which velocity fields observed therein arereflected in the chromospheric component of the Ca II line. Formain-sequence stars, bright Ca II K emission profiles accompany shallowH-alpha lines with sharp central cores, unlike the apparently U-shapedH-alpha cores of stars displaying relatively weak Ca II K emission. Forgiants and supergiants, the H-alpha line is generally wider than acomputed LTE photospheric profile, with significant K(3) absorptionpresent in the Ca II K(2) reversal profile. The excess widths appear tocorrelate with the strength of the K(3) absorption. Estimates of thestrength of Ca II K(3) indicate severe modifications of Ca II K(2)widths and intensities, strongly affecting the cooling role of Ca II Kin the upper chromospheres.
| Starlight polarization in the direction of two H I complexes
Upper limits to the gas/dust ratio in the direction of two complexes arederived based on 21-cm line observations and starlight polarizationmeasurements. Elongated H I structures parallel to the galactic magneticfield suggest that the gas and dust comprise a common cloud or cloudsystem. Dust producing the starlight polarization is mixed with the H Igas, aiding in estimating the distance for the two H I complexes.Distances of 100 pc for the filament at low velocities and of 200 pc foran intermediate-velocity cloud complex (IVC) are established frompolarimetric data, and possible origins for the filaments and IVC aresuggested.
| Evolved stars in open clusters.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1976ApJS...30..451H&db_key=AST
| NGC 2287 and the Pleiades group.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1974ApJ...188...59E&db_key=AST
| Some variables of spectral type K
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1973PASP...85...42E&db_key=AST
| Photometric study of the open cluster NGC 2516
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1973A&AS....9..233F&db_key=AST
| NGC 2516 and the Pleiades Group
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1972ApJ...173...63E&db_key=AST
| A spectroscopic study of the peculiar stars in the open cluster NGC 2516.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1972A&A....21..373D&db_key=AST
| Narrow-Band and Broad-Band Photometry of Red Stars. III. Southern Giants
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1970ApJ...161..199E&db_key=AST
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Carina |
| Right ascension: | 07h56m18.60s |
| Declination: | -60°31'35.0" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 5.74 |
| Distance: | 381.679 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | -4.3 |
| Proper motion Dec: | 8.9 |
| B-T magnitude: | 7.764 |
| V-T magnitude: | 5.903 |
Catalogs and designations:
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