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A spectroscopic study of bright southern Cepheids - a high-resolution view of Cepheid atmospheres
We present high-resolution spectroscopic observations andspecies-by-species radial velocities of a number of southern Cepheids.The stars (BP Cir, V350 Sgr, AX Cir, V636 Sco, W Sgr, S Mus, β Dor,TT Aql, Y Oph, YZ Car, SW Vel, X Pup, T Mon and l Car) were observed aspart of a long-term programme at Mt John University Observatory. Radialvelocities were determined with the line bisector technique, and have aprecision of ~300 ms-1. Velocity differences as large as 30kms-1 were found for Hα and CaII when referenced to themetallic line velocity curves, but more subtle variations (of 1-2kms-1) were also detected in many other species. Pulsationalphase anticorrelations are found between lines of SiII and BaII,confirming the propagation time delay between line-forming layersproducing these two species. We find that the amplitude and phasedifferences between the various species increase with period.
| High-Mass Triple Systems: The Classical Cepheid Y Carinae
We have obtained a Hubble Space Telescope STIS ultraviolethigh-dispersion echelle-mode spectrum of the binary companion of thedouble-mode classical Cepheid Y Car. The velocity measured for the hotcompanion from this spectrum is very different from reasonablepredictions for binary motion, implying that the companion is itself ashort-period binary. The measured velocity changed by 7 kms-1 during the 4 days between two segments of theobservation, confirming this interpretation. We summarize ``binary''Cepheids that are in fact members of a triple system and find that atleast 44% are triples. The summary of information on Cepheids withorbits makes it likely that the fraction is underestimated.Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope,obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated bythe Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc.
| Mean Angular Diameters and Angular Diameter Amplitudes of Bright Cepheids
We predict mean angular diameters and amplitudes of angular diametervariations for all monoperiodic PopulationI Cepheids brighter than=8.0 mag. The catalog is intended to aid selecting mostpromising Cepheid targets for future interferometric observations.
| CHARM2: An updated Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements
We present an update of the Catalog of High Angular ResolutionMeasurements (CHARM, Richichi & Percheron \cite{CHARM}, A&A,386, 492), which includes results available until July 2004. CHARM2 is acompilation of direct measurements by high angular resolution methods,as well as indirect estimates of stellar diameters. Its main goal is toprovide a reference list of sources which can be used for calibrationand verification observations with long-baseline optical and near-IRinterferometers. Single and binary stars are included, as are complexobjects from circumstellar shells to extragalactic sources. The presentupdate provides an increase of almost a factor of two over the previousedition. Additionally, it includes several corrections and improvements,as well as a cross-check with the valuable public release observationsof the ESO Very Large Telescope Interferometer (VLTI). A total of 8231entries for 3238 unique sources are now present in CHARM2. Thisrepresents an increase of a factor of 3.4 and 2.0, respectively, overthe contents of the previous version of CHARM.The catalog is only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/431/773
| The orbits of southern binary Cepheids
High-resolution spectroscopic observations have been made of a number ofsouthern Cepheids. The stars studied were part of a long-term programmeto observe southern variable stars and to complete a data base of radialvelocities over a long time interval. The radial velocities have aprecision of ~300 m s-1, allowing the detection of velocitydifferences of ~1 km s-1 with confidence. Our new dataprovide a consistent set of data against which other sources of data canbe compared.Masses were determined for two systems, the 9-d Cepheid S Mus (6.2 +/-0.2 Msolar) and the 5-d Cepheid V350 Sgr (6.0 +/- 0.9Msolar). For another seven Cepheids (Y Car, YZ Car, AX Cir,BP Cir, V636 Sco, W Sgr and T Mon), new or improved orbital solutionswere found.New results presented here include the first orbital solution for AXCir, a completely revised orbital solution for YZ Car, which establishedits eccentricity and orbital motion, and a new pulsation period (2.39819 d) for BP Cir. The pulsational mass determinations provide furtherconfirmation of the convergence of mass determinations between dynamicaland evolutionary methods.
| J - K DENIS photometry of a VLTI-selected sample of bright southern stars
We present a photometric survey of bright southern stars carried outusing the DENIS instrument equipped with attenuating filters. Theobservations were carried out not using the survey mode of DENIS, butwith individual target pointings. This project was stimulated by theneed to obtain near-infrared photometry of stars to be used in earlycommissioning observations of the ESO Very Large TelescopeInterferometer, and in particular to establish a network of brightcalibrator sources.We stress that near-infrared photometry is peculiarly lacking for manybright stars. These stars are saturated in 2MASS as well as in regularDENIS observations. The only other observations available for brightinfrared stars are those of the Two Micron Sky Survey dating from overthirty years ago. These were restricted to declinations above≈-30°, and thus cover only about half of the sky accessible fromthe VLTI site.We note that the final 2MASS data release includes photometry of brightstars, obtained by means of point-spread function fitting. However, thismethod only achieves about 30% accuracy, which is not sufficient formost applications.In this work, we present photometry for over 600 stars, each with atleast one and up to eight measurements, in the J and K filters. Typicalaccuracy is at the level of 0\fm05 and 0\fm04 in the J and K_s bands,respectively.Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory, LaSilla.Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/413/1037
| New Period-Luminosity and Period-Color relations of classical Cepheids: I. Cepheids in the Galaxy
321 Galactic fundamental-mode Cepheids with good B, V, and (in mostcases) I photometry by Berdnikov et al. (\cite{Berdnikov:etal:00}) andwith homogenized color excesses E(B-V) based on Fernie et al.(\cite{Fernie:etal:95}) are used to determine their period-color (P-C)relation in the range 0.4~ 1.4). The latter effect is enhanced by asuggestive break of the P-L relation of LMC and SMC at log P = 1.0towards still shallower values as shown in a forthcoming paper.Table 1 is only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymousftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/404/423
| CHARM: A Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements
The Catalog of High Angular Resolution Measurements (CHARM) includesmost of the measurements obtained by the techniques of lunaroccultations and long-baseline interferometry at visual and infraredwavelengths, which have appeared in the literature or have otherwisebeen made public until mid-2001. A total of 2432 measurements of 1625sources are included, along with extensive auxiliary information. Inparticular, visual and infrared photometry is included for almost allthe sources. This has been partly extracted from currently availablecatalogs, and partly obtained specifically for CHARM. The main aim is toprovide a compilation of sources which could be used as calibrators orfor science verification purposes by the new generation of largeground-based facilities such as the ESO Very Large Interferometer andthe Keck Interferometer. The Catalog is available in electronic form atthe CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/386/492, and from theauthors on CD-Rom.
| Stars with the Largest Hipparcos Photometric Amplitudes
A list of the 2027 stars that have the largest photometric amplitudes inHipparcos Photometry shows that most variable stars are all Miras. Thepercentage of variable types change as a function of amplitude. Thiscompilation should also be of value to photometrists looking forrelatively unstudied, but large amplitude stars.
| Photoelectric Observations of Southern Cepheids in 2001
A total of 2097 photometric observations in the BVIc systemare presented for 117 Cepheids located in the southern hemisphere. Themain purpose of the photometry is to provide new epochs of maximumbrightness for studying Cepheid period changes, as well as to establishcurrent light elements for the Cepheids.
| Galactic Cepheids. Catalogue of light-curve parameters and distances
We report a new version of the catalogue of distances and light-curveparameters for Galactic classical Cepheids. The catalogue listsamplitudes, magnitudes at maximum light, and intensity means for 455stars in BVRI filters of the Johnson system and (RI)_C filters of theCron-Cousins system. The distances are based on our new multicolour setof PL relations and on our Cepheid-based solution for interstellarextinction law parameters and are referred to an LMC distance modulus of18.25. The catalogue is only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Two-colour photometry for 9473 components of close Hipparcos double and multiple stars
Using observations obtained with the Tycho instrument of the ESAHipparcos satellite, a two-colour photometry is produced for componentsof more than 7 000 Hipparcos double and multiple stars with angularseparations 0.1 to 2.5 arcsec. We publish 9473 components of 5173systems with separations above 0.3 arcsec. The majority of them did nothave Tycho photometry in the Hipparcos catalogue. The magnitudes arederived in the Tycho B_T and V_T passbands, similar to the Johnsonpassbands. Photometrically resolved components of the binaries withstatistically significant trigonometric parallaxes can be put on an HRdiagram, the majority of them for the first time. Based on observationsmade with the ESA Hipparcos satellite.
| Direct calibration of the Cepheid period-luminosity relation
After the first release of Hipparcos data, Feast & Catchpole gave anew value for the zero-point of the visual Cepheid period-luminosityrelation, based on trigonometric parallaxes. Because of the largeuncertainties on these parallaxes, the way in which individualmeasurements are weighted is of crucial importance. We thereforeconclude that the choice of the best weighting system can be aided by aMonte Carlo simulation. On the basis of such a simulation, it is shownthat (i) a cut-off in π or in σ_ππ introduces a strongbias; (ii) the zero-point is more stable when only the brightestCepheids are used; and (iii) the Feast & Catchpole weighting givesthe best zero-point and the lowest dispersion. After correction, theadopted visual period-luminosity relation is=-2.77logP-1.44+/-0.05. Moreover, we extend this study to thephotometric I band (Cousins) and obtain=-3.05logP-1.81+/-0.09.
| A catalog of rotational and radial velocities for evolved stars
Rotational and radial velocities have been measured for about 2000evolved stars of luminosity classes IV, III, II and Ib covering thespectral region F, G and K. The survey was carried out with the CORAVELspectrometer. The precision for the radial velocities is better than0.30 km s-1, whereas for the rotational velocity measurementsthe uncertainties are typically 1.0 km s-1 for subgiants andgiants and 2.0 km s-1 for class II giants and Ib supergiants.These data will add constraints to studies of the rotational behaviourof evolved stars as well as solid informations concerning the presenceof external rotational brakes, tidal interactions in evolved binarysystems and on the link between rotation, chemical abundance and stellaractivity. In this paper we present the rotational velocity v sin i andthe mean radial velocity for the stars of luminosity classes IV, III andII. Based on observations collected at the Haute--Provence Observatory,Saint--Michel, France and at the European Southern Observatory, LaSilla, Chile. Table \ref{tab5} also available in electronic form at CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| I- and JHK-band photometry of classical Cepheids in the HIPPARCOS catalog
By correlating the \cite[Fernie et al. (1995)]{F95} electronic databaseon Cepheids with the ``resolved variable catalog'' of the hipparcosmission and the simbad catalog one finds that there are 280 Cepheids inthe hipparcos catalog. By removing W Vir stars (Type ii Cepheids),double-mode Cepheids, Cepheids with an unreliable solution in thehipparcos catalog, and stars without photometry, it turns out that thereare 248 classical Cepheids left, of which 32 are classified asfirst-overtone pulsators. For these stars the literature was searchedfor I-band and near-infrared data. Intensity-mean I-band photometry onthe Cousins system is derived for 189 stars, and intensity-mean JHK dataon the Carter system is presented for 69 stars.
| HIPPARCOS and Variable Star Distance Scales
Not Available
| The shape and scale of Galactic rotation from Cepheid kinematics
A catalog of Cepheid variables is used to probe the kinematics of theGalactic disk. Radial velocities are measured for eight distant Cepheidstoward l = 300 deg; these new Cepheids provide a particularly goodconstraint on the distance to the Galactic center, R0. We model the diskwith both an axisymmetric rotation curve and one with a weak ellipticalcomponent, and find evidence for an ellipticity of 0.043 +/- 0.016 nearthe sun. Using these models, we derive R0 = 7.66 +/- 0.32 kpc andv(circ) = 237 +/- 12 km/s. The distance to the Galactic center agreeswell with recent determinations from the distribution of RR Lyraevariables and disfavors most models with large ellipticities at thesolar orbit.
| Galactic kinematics of Cepheids from HIPPARCOS proper motions
The Hipparcos proper motions of 220 Galactic Cepheids, together withrelevant ground-based photometry, have been analyzed. The effects ofGalactic rotation are very clearly seen. Mean values of the Oortconstants, A = 14.82 +/- 0.84 km/s kpc, and B = -12.37 +/- 0.64 km/skpc, and of the angular velocity of circular rotation at the sun, 27.19+/- 0.87 km/s kpc, are derived. A comparison of the value of A withvalues derived from recent radial velocity solutions confirms, withinthe errors, the zero-points of the period-luminosity andperiod-luminosity-color relations derived directly from the Hipparcostrigonometrical parallaxes of the same stars. The proper motion resultssuggest that the Galactic rotation curve is declining slowly at thesolar distance from the Galactic Center (-2.4 +/- 1.2 km/s kpc). Thecomponent of the solar motion towards the North Galactic Pole is foundto be +7.61 +/- 0.64 km/s. Based on the increased distance scale deducedin the present paper, the distance to the Galactic Center derived in aprevious radial velocity study is increased to 8.5 +/- 0.5 kpc.
| Photometric Parameters for Short-Period Cepheids
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996AJ....111.1313E&db_key=AST
| The ROSAT all-sky survey catalogue of optically bright OB-type stars.
For the detailed statistical analysis of the X-ray emission of hot starswe selected all stars of spectral type O and B listed in the Yale BrightStar Catalogue and searched for them in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. Inthis paper we describe the selection and preparation of the data andpresent a compilation of the derived X-ray data for a complete sample ofbright OB stars.
| Derivation of the Galactic rotation curve using space velocities
We present rotation curves of the Galaxy based on the space-velocitiesof 197 OB stars and 144 classical cepheids, respectively, which rangeover a galactocentric distance interval of about 6 to 12kpc. Nosignificant differences between these rotation curves and rotationcurves based solely on radial velocities assuming circular rotation arefound. We derive an angular velocity of the LSR of{OMEGA}_0_=5.5+/-0.4mas/a (OB stars) and {OMEGA}_0_=5.4+/-0.5mas/a(cepheids), which is in agreement with the IAU 1985 value of{OMEGA}_0_=5.5mas/a. If we correct for probable rotations of the FK5system, the corresponding angular velocities are {OMEGA}_0_=6.0mas/a (OBstars) and {OMEGA}_0_=6.2mas/a (cepheids). These values agree betterwith the value of {OMEGA}_0_=6.4mas/a derived from the VLA measurementof the proper motion of SgrA^*^.
| Colour excesses of F-G supergiants and Cepheids from Geneva photometry.
A reddening scale for F-G supergiants and Cepheids is presented.Supergiants with low reddenings or in clusters form the basis of thecalibration. In this sense, it is entirely empirical. The data have beenobtained in the Geneva photometric system. Comparisons with otherreddening scales show no disagreement. The only problem is with Fernie'sscale for Cepheids (1990), where a systematic trend exists. Its originis not clear. It is suggested to extend the number of supergiants withindependently obtained colour excesses in order to test the existence ofa possible luminosity dependence of the calibration. A period-colourrelation for Cepheids is deduced, on the basis of the present reddeningcorrections. It gives strong support for V473 Lyr being a secondovertone pulsator.
| Rotation Curve of the System of Classical Cepheids and the Distance to the Galactic Center
Not Available
| The mass ratios of Cepheid binaries
The distribution of mass ratios in binary systems is important forcomparison with star formation calculations but has been difficult toobtain observationally. This study uses IUE spectra of the hotcompanions of classical Cepheids with observed orbital motion todetermine the companion types and hence their masses. Combining thesewith Cepheid masses inferred from an appropriate mass-luminosityrelation produces a distribution of mass ratios q =M2/M1 (where M1 is the mass of theCepheid). This is a distribution of spectroscopic (as opposed todynamic) mass ratios for intermediate-mass stars with orbital periodslonger than a year. The distribution is strongly peaked to low-masscompanions. The IUE spectra can detect companions in systems with massratios as small as 0.26. Incompleteness in detecting low-amplitudeorbital motion means the concentration to low masses is even larger thanthat in the observed distribution. The fact that the orbital periods arelonger than one year, and only one eccentricity is zero, implies that itis unlikely that there has been mass transfer between the components inthe systems, except possibly in one case.
| Classical Cepheids with terminal age main-sequence companions: Constraints on evolution
Eight binaries containing a Cepheid and a hot companion evolved beyondthe ZAMS are studied using IUE spectra. The spectral types of these TAMS(terminal age main-sequence) companions are determined from the spectraand absolute magnitudes are determined from the magnitude differencebetween the two stars and the absolute magnitude of the Cepheid. Thesystems with Cepheids with periods less than 6 days (BP Cir, AX Cir, andV659 Cen) match isochrones with no core convective overshoot. The 12 dayCepheid SY Nor is better matched with an isochrone with mild overshoot.The 11 day Cepheid SV Per and the 16 day Cepheid RW Cam do not match anyavailable isochrone (with any overshoot value) because the companionsare cool enough to be at the very end of the main-sequence phase but themagnitude difference between the two stars is too large for thisscenarior. KN Cen and AW Per may be similar systems. These unusuallycool companions are common (up to half the sample) and distributedthroughout the Cepheid mass range. Rotation could explain thesecompanions. In this case, use of the main-sequence width to determinethe importance of convective overshoot would produce an overestimate ofconvective overshoot.
| New radial velocities for classical cepheids. Local galactic rotation revisited
New centre-of-mass radial velocities are calculated for 107 classicalcepheids from CORAVEL observations. We generally determine thesevelocities from four to six measurements carefully spaced in phase, byfitting a "typical" radial velocity curve or the mirror image of thelight curve. A decomposition in Fourier series is used for stars withmore than 10 measurements. Distances are then computed through aperiod-luminosity-colour relation for 278 classical cepheids with knownradial velocity, and an axisymmetric galactic rotation model is appliedto the sample, using a generalised non-linear least square method withuncertainties on both the velocities and the distances. The bestresults, with a rotation curve modelled as a third order polynomial,are: Rsun_=8.09 +/-0.30 kpc, A=15.92 +/-0.34 km/s/kpc, 2ARsun_=257 +/-7 km/s, A2=d^2theta(R)/d R^2^=-3.38+/-0.38 km/s/kpc^2^, A3=d^3theta(R)/d R^3^=1.99 +/-0.62km/s/kpc^3^, u_0_=9.32 +/-0.80 km/s, v_0_=11.18 +/-0.65 km/s. The effectof modifying the distance scale of cepheids, the absorption coefficientor the fitting procedure algorithm are examined. It appears that theproduct 2 A Rsun_ is very robust towards these changes. Theextended sample of classical cepheids with known radial velocitypresented in this paper seems to imply a higher value for A thananterior studies. The radial velocity residuals show a systematic k-termof about 2 km/s. New evidence from cluster cepheids excludes anintrinsic cause for this shift, and a dynamical cause is proposed from acomparison with a N-body simulation of the Galaxy. The simulation showsthat a systematic bias of this magnitude is typical. The structure ofthe local residual velocity field is examined in some detail.
| UBV(RI)c observations for 13 bright Cepheids
Photometry in the UBV(RI)c system has been obtained for 13 of thebrightest Cepheids in the southern sky available to the new SydneyUniversity Stellar Interferometer. The stars observed were Eta Aq1, 1Car, U Car, AX Cir, Beta Dor, Zeta Gem, T Mon, Kappa Pav, U Sgr, W Sgr,X Sgr, Y Sgr, and AH Vel. The main purpose of the photometry is toprovide current epoch data for the phases of the variables, although forseveral of the stars these data are also the first in the (RI)c system.
| A magnitude-limited survey of Cepheid companions in the ultraviolet
Results of a magnitude-limited survey of classic Cepheids brighter than8th mag carried out to search for hot main-sequence companions arepresented. Spectra of 76 stars obtained with the IUE satellite in the2000-3200-A region were compared with the spectra of nonvariablesupergiants and also the single Cepheid Delta Cep to search for excessflux at 2500 A from possible companions. Photometric companions werefound for 21 percent of the sample. When the Cepheids known to be binaryfrom either orbital motion or spectra in the 1200-2000-A region areincluded, the percentage of companions rises to 29 percent. If astatistical correction from stars with orbital motion is included, 34percent have companions. This percentage is compared with that found byAbt et al. (1990) for B2-B5 main-sequence stars. If only systems withperiods longer than a year and separations not more than 30 arcsec areconsidered, only 18 percent of the B stars will become Cepheids withcompanions.
| The Fourier decomposition as a mode discriminator - New first overtone pulsators among Cepheids with P less than 5.5 D
New very accurate light curves of 12 Cepheids with P less than 5.5 d arepresented. Their Fourier decomposition enabled us to individuate eightother stars which do not follow the Hertzsprung progression. Theproperties of the Fourier parameters of this subclass, now composed by28 objects, are consequently better defined. In the phi(21)-P plane 2stars located on the lower sequence and 2 other stars located on thediscontinuity at 3 d were found. All these 28 stars occupy the sameregion in the R(21)-P plane and the phi(31) values, when available,originate a unique sequence in the phi(31)-P plane. All these loci arewell separated from those of the classical Cepheids, which arefundamental mode pulsators. The hypotheses of a first overtone pulsationand of a resonance between this mode and a higher overtone explain theobservational facts well.
| The calibration of the Stromgren photometric system for A, F and early G supergiants. I - The observational data
An empirical calibration of the Stromgren uvby-beta photometric systemfor the A, F, and early G supergiants is being derived. This paperexplains the observational program and the photometric reductiontechniques used and presents a catalog of new Stromgren photometry forover 600 A, F, and G supergiants.
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Circinus |
| Right ascension: | 14h52m35.00s |
| Declination: | -63°48'36.0" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 5.87 |
| Distance: | 310.559 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | -5.6 |
| Proper motion Dec: | -7.7 |
| B-T magnitude: | 6.872 |
| V-T magnitude: | 6.028 |
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