Speckle Observations of Binary Stars with the WIYN Telescope. IV. Differential Photometry
Five hundred seventy-six magnitude difference measures are presented for260 binary stars. These measures are derived from CCD-based speckleobservations taken at the WIYN 3.5 m telescope at Kitt Peak NationalObservatory during the period 1997-2000. Separations of the systemsrange from over 1" down to near the diffraction limit of the telescope.A study of multiple measures of the same targets indicates that themeasures have a typical uncertainty of better than 0.13 mag per 2 minuteobservation, and that multiple observations can be averaged to arrive atsmaller uncertainties. Results presented here are also compared, insofaras it is possible, with measures in the Hipparcos Catalogue and toprevious studies using adaptive optics. No major systematic errors wereidentified.The WIYN Observatory is a joint facility of the University ofWisconsin-Madison, Indiana University, Yale University, and the NationalOptical Astronomy Observatory.
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High-Resolution Images of Orbital Motion in the Trapezium Cluster: First Scientific Results from the Multiple Mirror Telescope Deformable Secondary Mirror Adaptive Optics System
We present the first scientific images obtained with a deformablesecondary mirror adaptive optics (AO) system. We utilized the 6.5 mMultiple Mirror Telescope adaptive optics system to producehigh-resolution (FWHM=0.07") near-infrared (1.6 μm) images of theyoung (~1 Myr) Orion Trapezium θ1 Ori cluster members.A combination of high spatial resolution and high signal-to-noise ratioallowed the positions of these stars to be measured to within ~0.003"accuracies. We also present slightly lower resolution (FWHM~0.085")images from Gemini with the Hokupa`a AO system as well. Includingprevious speckle data from Weigelt et al., we analyze a 6 yr baseline ofhigh-resolution observations of this cluster. Over this baseline we aresensitive to relative proper motions of only ~0.002" yr-1(4.2 km s-1 at 450 pc). At such sensitivities we detectorbital motion in the very tight θ1 Ori B2-B3 (52 AUseparation) and θ1 Ori A1-A2 (94 AU separation)systems. The relative velocity in the θ1 Ori B2-B3system is 4.2+/-2.1 km s-1. We observe 16.5+/-5.7 kms-1 of relative motion in the θ1 Ori A1-A2system. These velocities are consistent with those independentlyobserved by Schertl et al. with speckle interferometry, giving usconfidence that these very small (~0.002" yr-1) orbitalmotions are real. All five members of the θ1 Ori Bsystem appear likely gravitationally bound (B2-B3 is moving at ~1.4 kms-1 in the plane of the sky with respect to B1, whereVesc~6 km s-1 for the B group). The very lowestmass member of the θ1 Ori B system (B4) hasK'~11.66 and an estimated mass of ~0.2 Msolar.Very little motion (4+/-15 km s-1) of B4 was detected withrespect to B1 or B2; hence, B4 is possibly part of theθ1 Ori B group. We suspect that if this very low massmember is physically associated, it most likely is in an unstable(nonhierarchical) orbital position and will soon be ejected from thegroup. The θ1 Ori B system appears to be a goodexample of a star formation ``minicluster,'' which may eject the lowestmass members of the cluster in the near future. This ``ejection''process could play a major role in the formation of low-mass stars andbrown dwarfs.A portion of the results presented here made use of the of MultipleMirror Telescope Observatory, a facility jointly operated by theUniversity of Arizona and the Smithsonian Institution.
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Speckle Interferometry at the US Naval Observatory. VIII.
The results of 2044 speckle interferometric observations of doublestars, made with the 26 inch (66 cm) refractor of the US NavalObservatory, are presented. Each speckle interferometric observation ofa system represents a combination of over a thousand short-exposureimages. These observations are averaged into 1399 mean positions andrange in separation from 0.16" to 14.97", with a mean separation of2.51". This is the eighth in a series of papers presenting measuresobtained with this system and covers the period 2001 March 18 through2001 December 30.
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Speckle Observations of Binary Stars with the WIYN Telescope. II. Relative Astrometry Measures during 1998-2000
Five hundred twelve relative astrometry measures are presented for 253double stars, including 53 double stars discovered by Hipparcos. In 15cases, relative astrometry is reported for the first time for newlyconfirmed pairs. In addition, 20 high-quality nondetections ofcompanions are reported for stars suspected of being nonsingle byHipparcos. Observations were taken using a fast-readout CCD camerasystem at the WIYN 3.5 m telescope at Kitt Peak, Arizona. In comparingthese measures with ephemeris predictions for binary stars with verywell known orbits, we find that the measurement precision is better than3 mas in separation and 1° in position angle per individualobservation. Measurement precision and detection capabilities are fullydiscussed, and confirmed orbital motion is reported in four cases of theHipparcos double star discoveries. The WIYN Observatory is a jointfacility of the University of Wisconsin-Madison, Indiana University,Yale University, and the National Optical Astronomy Observatory.
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Kinematics of Hipparcos Visual Binaries. II. Stars with Ground-Based Orbital Solutions
This paper continues kinematical investigations of the Hipparcos visualbinaries with known orbits. A sample, consisting of 804 binary systemswith orbital elements determined from ground-based observations, isselected. The mean relative error of their parallaxes is about 12% andthe mean relative error of proper motions is about 4%. However, even 41%of the sample stars lack radial velocity measurements. The computedGalactic velocity components and other kinematical parameters are usedto divide the stars with known radial velocities into kinematical agegroups. The majority (92%) of binaries from the sample are thin diskstars, 7.6% have thick disk kinematics and only two binaries have halokinematics. Among them, the long-period variable Mira Ceti has a verydiscordant {Hipparcos} and ground-based parallax values. From the wholesample, 60 stars are ascribed to the thick disk and halo population.There is an urgent need to increase the number of the identified halobinaries with known orbits and substantially improve the situation withradial velocity data for stars with known orbits.
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ICCD Speckle Observations of Binary Stars. XXIII. Measurements during 1982-1997 from Six Telescopes, with 14 New Orbits
We present 2017 observations of 1286 binary stars, observed by means ofspeckle interferometry using six telescopes over a 15 year period from1982 April to 1997 June. These measurements constitute the 23dinstallment in CHARA's speckle program at 2 to 4 m class telescopes andinclude the second major collection of measurements from the MountWilson 100 inch (2.5 m) Hooker Telescope. Orbital elements are alsopresented for 14 systems, seven of which have had no previouslypublished orbital analyses.
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Observations of Double Stars. XVIII.
Micrometer observations of 1350 pairs in 1995-1997 are listed.
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Mesures d'etoiles doubles faites aux lunettes de 74 et 50 CM de l'Observatoire de la Cote d'Azur
We give 657 measurements of double stars, Table 1 by R. Gili with CCDcamera, Table 2 by P. Couteau with filar micrometer. Tables 1 and 2 areonly available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html.
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ICCD Speckle Observations of Binary Stars. XVII. Measurements During 1993-1995 From the Mount Wilson 2.5-M Telescope.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1997AJ....114.1639H&db_key=AST
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ICCD Speckle Observations of Binary Stars. XVI. Measurements During 1982-1989 from the Perkins 1.8-M Telescope.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1997AJ....114.1623F&db_key=AST
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Orbits of 40 Visual Binaries
Revised or new elements were computed from recent reobservations.
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ICCD Speckle Observations of Binary Stars. XII. Measurements During 1984-1986 From the Perkins 1.8 M Telescope
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996AJ....111..393A&db_key=AST
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Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
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Photographic astrometry of binar and proper-motion stars: 8.
300 trigonometric parallaxes, 15 revised binary-star orbits, and 24 massratios are listed and annotated.
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Mesures d'etoiles doubles faites a Nice, etoiles doubles nouvelles (24eme serie) decouvertes a Nice.
Table 1 gives 1182 measurements of 682 binaries observed with the 74 and50 cm refractors. Table 2 lists 26 new binaries discovered with the 50cm refractor.
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All-sky Stromgren photometry of speckle binary stars
All-sky Stromgren photometric observations were obtained for 303 specklebinaries. Most stars were in the range of V = 5-8. These data, whencombined with ratios of intensities from the CHARA speckle photometryprogram, will allow the determination of photometric indices for theindividual components of binary stars with separations as small as 0.05arcsec. These photometric indices will complement the stellar massesfrom the speckle interferometry observations to provide a much improvedmass-luminosity relationship.
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Interferometric observations of double stars in 1986-1990
A tabulation is presented for the measurements of double stars that havebeen conducted with the photometric phase-grating interferometer of theMt. Sanglok 1-m reflector. The tabulation encompasses the observationepoch, the position angle, the separation in arcsec, the magnitudedifference, formal errors in P.A. and separation, SAO number, andcoordinates for 2000.0.
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Interferometric Observations of Double Stars in 1985 and 1986
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1988A&AS...72..563T&db_key=AST
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Measurements of visual double stars made at PIC DU Midi and at Nice
Fifty visual measures of 37 very close binaries observed with the 2-mtelescope at Pic du Midi are presented together with 601 measures of 245close binaries observed with the 74-cm and 50-cm refractors at Nice. Allmeasurements were made by micrometer with illuminated wires. With the2-m telescope, binaries as close as 0.07 arcsec are separated, usingmagnifying powers from 2500 to 5000.
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ICCD speckle observations of binary stars. II - Measurements during 1982-1985 from the Kitt Peak 4 M telescope
This paper represents the continuation of a systematic program of binarystar speckle interferometry initiated at the 4 m telescope on Kitt Peakin late 1975. Between 1975 and 1981, the observations were obtained witha photographic speckle camera, the data from which were reduced byoptical analog methods. In mid-1982, a new speckle camera employing anintensified charge-coupled device as the detector continued the programand necessitated the development of new digital procedures for reducingand analyzing speckle data. The camera and the data-processingtechniques are described herein. This paper presents 2780 newmeasurements of 1012 binary and multiple star systems, including thefirst direct resolution of 64 systems, for the interval 1982 through1985.
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Speckle interferometric measurements of binary stars. III
Speckle interferometric observations of 104 known or suspected binarystars with the 6-m SAO, 3.60-m CFH, 2-m OPM, and 193-cm OHP, telescopesare reported. HR 4501 (a star with variable radial velocity) and thespectroscopic binary HR 5321 are directly resolved for the first time.
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The distribution of the rotation axes of A-type stars
The distribution of the spin axes of A-type stars was studied using asample of 166 normal A2-A9 field stars of luminosity classes IV or V. Nodependence of the projected rotational velocities v sin i on galacticlatitude was found, and so the spin axes are not aligned perpendicularto the galactic plane. This suggests that angular momentum wasefficiently dissipated during the early stages of collapse of themolecular clouds in which the stars were born, and that the protostarsmay have been formed through collisions of turbulent elements in theclouds. A sample of visual binaries with normal A2-A9 components andknown orbits was also investigated. No correlation between v sin i andorbital inclination was found. This excludes a general alignment of thespin axes of the components perpendicular to the orbital planes, andgives strong support for the idea that visual binaries were formed bythe pairing of stars resulting from independent condensations in theinterstellar medium.
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Measurements of double stars at Nice with 74-cm and 50-cm refractors
A total of 717 measures of 287 binaries made at the 74-cm and 50-cmrefractors are presented. These are mostly very close binariesdiscovered recently, for which a rapid orbital motion is evident forabout 30 percent.
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Speckle interferometric measurements of binary stars. IX
Four hundred-forty measurements of 232 binary stars observed during 1981by means of speckle interferometry with the 4-m telescope at KPNO arerepresented. Newly resolved systems include Xi-1 Cet, Rho Her A, HD187321, and 59 Cyg A.
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The empirical mass-luminosity relation
The empirical mass-luminosity relation (MLR) main-sequence stars isreevaluated statistically on the basis of recent observations ofspectroscopic and visual binary systems. The orbital elements andfractional-mass data for 107 visual systems collected from theliterature, for the 45 visual systems selected for further study, andfor 40 spectrophotometric detached main-sequence systems are presentedin tables. The absolute visual magnitudes of the visual binaries areconverted to bolometric magnitudes using the data of Johnson (1966). Thedata are plotted, and the MLR is found to be well defined only for themass range 0.8-3 solar mass. The exponent alpha in the power-law MLR (Lvaries as M to the alpha) is calculated in three linear regressions as3.05 + or - 0.14, 4.76 + or - 0.01, and 3.68 + or - 0.05 for stars ofless than 0.5, 0.6.-1.5, and greater than 1.5 solar mass, respectively.
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Micrometer measurements of visual binaries
A total of 376 micrometer measurements of 116 visual binaries made atthe Nice Observatory, France, in the years 1980-1983 is presented. Eachpair is identified by the A.D.S. number, the name of the couple, and theB.D. number. The next line gives the I.D.S. number, the A.D.S.magnitudes, and the spectral types. This is followed by the epoch of theobservation, the observed position angle and distance of the components,and the aperture of the refractor used. The means and the residuals fromknown orbits are given in the next lines. The symbol 'N' denotes thatthe observations were made with a 74-cm refractor; the symbol 'n'denotes a 50-cm refractor.
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Speckle interferometric measurements of binary stars. VIII
Six hundred measurements of 331 binary stars observed during 1980 bymeans of speckle interferometry with the 4 m telescope at Kitt PeakNational Observatory are presented. Thirty-two systems are directlyresolved for the first time. Newly resolved spectroscopic binariesinclude HR 2001, 53 Dam, HR 6388, HR 6469, 31 Omicron-2 Cyg, HR 7922,and alpha Equ.
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Masses Mass Ratios and Parallaxes from Astrometric Studies of Seven Visual Binaries
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1982AJ.....87.1237L
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Interferometer observations of double stars. II
Position angles and separations of 83 visual binaries have been measuredwith a photoelectric phase-grating interferometer on a 1-m reflector.Twenty pairs deviate significantly from the ephemerides; nine starsremain unresolved. The magnitude limit of the interferometer iscalculated from the measured seeing and found to agree with the actuallimit of about nine magnitudes.
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The planetary system of Barnard's star
Astrometric positions obtained over 44 consecutive years (1938-1981) forthe nearby red dwarf, Barnard's star, with the 61-cm Sproul refractor,are subjected to analysis with a view to the confirmation of earlierorbital perturbation interpretations. This line of interpretation isconfirmed, and the perturbations are attributed to two approximatelycircular orbits with periods of 12 and 20 years and radii of 0.0070 and0.0064 arcsec, caused by invisible companions of 0.7 and 0.5 Jupitermasses, respectively. The masses may be nearly coplanar and corevolving,supporting interpretations along the lines of a planetary system. Thereality of the perturbation is supported by the determination of ahighly linear astrometric profile for the Sproul telescope, on the basisof the barycentric paths of 23 stars observed over the 1937-1981 period.
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