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Local kinematics of K and M giants from CORAVEL/Hipparcos/Tycho-2 data. Revisiting the concept of superclusters
The availability of the Hipparcos Catalogue has triggered many kinematicand dynamical studies of the solar neighbourhood. Nevertheless, thosestudies generally lacked the third component of the space velocities,i.e., the radial velocities. This work presents the kinematic analysisof 5952 K and 739 M giants in the solar neighbourhood which includes forthe first time radial velocity data from a large survey performed withthe CORAVEL spectrovelocimeter. It also uses proper motions from theTycho-2 catalogue, which are expected to be more accurate than theHipparcos ones. An important by-product of this study is the observedfraction of only 5.7% of spectroscopic binaries among M giants ascompared to 13.7% for K giants. After excluding the binaries for whichno center-of-mass velocity could be estimated, 5311 K and 719 M giantsremain in the final sample. The UV-plane constructed from these datafor the stars with precise parallaxes (σπ/π≤20%) reveals a rich small-scale structure, with several clumpscorresponding to the Hercules stream, the Sirius moving group, and theHyades and Pleiades superclusters. A maximum-likelihood method, based ona Bayesian approach, has been applied to the data, in order to make fulluse of all the available stars (not only those with precise parallaxes)and to derive the kinematic properties of these subgroups. Isochrones inthe Hertzsprung-Russell diagram reveal a very wide range of ages forstars belonging to these groups. These groups are most probably relatedto the dynamical perturbation by transient spiral waves (as recentlymodelled by De Simone et al. \cite{Simone2004}) rather than to clusterremnants. A possible explanation for the presence of younggroup/clusters in the same area of the UV-plane is that they have beenput there by the spiral wave associated with their formation, while thekinematics of the older stars of our sample has also been disturbed bythe same wave. The emerging picture is thus one of dynamical streamspervading the solar neighbourhood and travelling in the Galaxy withsimilar space velocities. The term dynamical stream is more appropriatethan the traditional term supercluster since it involves stars ofdifferent ages, not born at the same place nor at the same time. Theposition of those streams in the UV-plane is responsible for the vertexdeviation of 16.2o ± 5.6o for the wholesample. Our study suggests that the vertex deviation for youngerpopulations could have the same dynamical origin. The underlyingvelocity ellipsoid, extracted by the maximum-likelihood method afterremoval of the streams, is not centered on the value commonly acceptedfor the radial antisolar motion: it is centered on < U > =-2.78±1.07 km s-1. However, the full data set(including the various streams) does yield the usual value for theradial solar motion, when properly accounting for the biases inherent tothis kind of analysis (namely, < U > = -10.25±0.15 kms-1). This discrepancy clearly raises the essential questionof how to derive the solar motion in the presence of dynamicalperturbations altering the kinematics of the solar neighbourhood: doesthere exist in the solar neighbourhood a subset of stars having no netradial motion which can be used as a reference against which to measurethe solar motion?Based on observations performed at the Swiss 1m-telescope at OHP,France, and on data from the ESA Hipparcos astrometry satellite.Full Table \ref{taba1} is only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/430/165}
| Absolute proper motions of open clusters. I. Observational data
Mean proper motions and parallaxes of 205 open clusters were determinedfrom their member stars found in the Hipparcos Catalogue. 360 clusterswere searched for possible members, excluding nearby clusters withdistances D < 200 pc. Members were selected using ground basedinformation (photometry, radial velocity, proper motion, distance fromthe cluster centre) and information provided by Hipparcos (propermotion, parallax). Altogether 630 certain and 100 possible members werefound. A comparison of the Hipparcos parallaxes with photometricdistances of open clusters shows good agreement. The Hipparcos dataconfirm or reject the membership of several Cepheids in the studiedclusters. Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at theCDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Catalogs of temperatures and [Fe/H] averages for evolved G and K stars
A catalog of mean values of [Fe/H] for evolved G and K stars isdescribed. The zero point for the catalog entries has been establishedby using differential analyses. Literature sources for those entries areincluded in the catalog. The mean values are given with rms errors andnumbers of degrees of freedom, and a simple example of the use of thesestatistical data is given. For a number of the stars with entries in thecatalog, temperatures have been determined. A separate catalogcontaining those data is briefly described. Catalog only available atthe CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Red giants in open clusters. VIII. NGC 752
The results of an 18-year radial-velocity survey of 30 red giants in thefield of the open cluster NGC 752 are presented. The membership of 15stars is confirmed. Four spectroscopic binaries have been discoveredamong the members and three orbits have been determined for H75, 110 and208, with periods of 3321, 127 and 5276 days respectively. The binaryfrequency (27%) is normal. A search for additional members in a widesurrounding area (2degr ) yielded two possible new members: both areclump red giant candidates. The red giant distribution in thecolour-magnitude diagram is somewhat unusual, with a clump containing 8stars and a second, fainter feature extending to the blue, defined by 3or 4 stars, which is not accounted for by theoretical isochrones. Basedon observations collected at the Haute-Provence Observatory (France)
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| A photometric and radial-velocity analysis of the intermediate-age open cluster NGC 752
Using all available proper-motion and radial-velocity data, includingnew radial-velocity observations obtained for this investigation,probable members of the open cluster NGC 752 have been identified.Photoelectric data on six systems have been transformed and collated toform an internally consistent sample on the BV system. Binaries havebeen identified using photometric and radial-velocity data, including aphotographic survey for variability and the radial-velocity observationsof this study. Analysis of the data leads to the following clusterparameters and their probable errors: E(B - V) = 0.035 plus or minus0.005 mag, Fe/H = -0.15 plus or minus 0.05 dex, and (m - M) = 8.25 plusor minus 0.10 mag. The spread in color among stars in thecolor-magnitude diagram (cmd) along the main sequence from the turnoffto the unevolved main sequence is the consequence of a rich populationof binaries. Due to its age and the comprehensive data available for thecluster, NGC 752 provides an ideal test of a variety of evolutionaryphenomena. Comparison with theoretical isochrones normalized in aninternally consistent manner leads to the conclusion that the morphologyand distribution of stars in the cmd can best be matched using modelsthat include convective overshoot, particularly those of Schaller et al.(1992, A&AS, 96, 269). Despite their differences, the traditional andthe overshoot isochrones both imply very similar ages, 1.9 plus or minus0.2 Gyr and 1.7 plus or minus 0.1 Gyr, respectively, for the cluster.The Li abundances for the giants confirm that the giant branch isdominated by clump stars and first-ascent giants below the luminosity ofthe clump. The position and size of the Li dip among the main-sequencestars, compared to the Hyades, is readily explained by stellar evolutionwith convective overshoot. It is predicted that among turnoff stars inthe intermediate-age range Li will cease to be a unique function of ageat a given color. Chromospheric flux is shown to be a well-definedfunction of color for single, unevolved stars, identical to that foundfor the Hyades, and the relation for NGC 752 falls within theVaughan-Preston gap. However, the slope of the relation requires thatincreasing color implies increasing age for the bluer portion of theweak-emission boundary. The combined effect of small samples, randomerrors, emission limits, a possible selection bias in favor of turnoffstars, and metallicity corrections is to render highly questionable anyinterpretation of time-variable star formation within the Galaxy basedupon chromospheric ages.
| The correction in right ascension of 508 stars determinated with PMO photoelectric transit instrument.
Not Available
| A critical appraisal of published values of (Fe/H) for K II-IV stars
'Primary' (Fe/H) averages are presented for 373 evolved K stars ofluminosity classes II-IV and (Fe/H) values beween -0.9 and +0.21 dex.The data define a 'consensus' zero point with a precision of + or -0.018 dex and have rms errors per datum which are typically 0.08-0.16dex. The primary data base makes recalibration possible for the large(Fe/H) catalogs of Hansen and Kjaergaard (1971) and Brown et al. (1989).A set of (Fe/H) standard stars and a new DDO calibration are given whichhave rms of 0.07 dex or less for the standard star data. For normal Kgiants, CN-based values of (Fe/H) turn out to be more precise than manyhigh-dispersion results. Some zero-point errors in the latter are alsofound and new examples of continuum-placement problems appear. Thushigh-dispersion results are not invariably superior to photometricmetallicities. A review of high-dispersion and related work onsupermetallicity in K III-IV star is also given.
| The studies of proper motions in the regions of open clusters. II - NGC 752
Relative proper motions of 1777 stars in the region of the open clusterNGC 752 have been determined from the PDS measurements of eleven Pulkovonormal astrograph plates. In a 110-arcmin-diameter circle around thecluster, 175 stars have membership probabilities P greater than 0percent. The total number of cluster stars, obtained by weighting themwith membership probabilities, reaches 130. The catalog of propermotions is complete down to m(pg) = 150 mag, the limiting value is 154mag. The average standard error of the catalog proper motions variesfrom + or - 000075 arcsec/yr to + or - 00011 arcsec/yr for the rest. Theluminosity function for cluster stars shows a deficiency of faint stars.
| A search for lithium-rich giant stars
Lithium abundances or upper limits have been determined for 644 brightG-K giant stars selected from the DDO photometric catalog. Two of thesegiants possess surface lithium abundances approaching the 'cosmic' valueof the interstellar medium and young main-sequence stars, and eight moregiants have Li contents far in excess of standard predictions. At leastsome of these Li-rich giants are shown to be evolved to the stage ofhaving convectively mixed envelopes, either from the direct evidence oflow surface carbon isotope ratios, or from the indirect evidence oftheir H-R diagram positions. Suggestions are given for the uniqueconditions that might have allowed these stars to produce or accrete newlithium for their surface layers, or simply to preserve from destructiontheir initial lithium contents. The lithium abundance of the remainingstars demonstrates that giants only very rarely meet the expectations ofstandard first dredge-up theories; the average extra Li destructionrequired is about 1.5 dex. The evolutionary states of these giants andtheir average masses are discussed briefly, and the Li distribution ofthe giants is compared to predictions of Galactic chemical evolution.
| Lithium in giant stars in NGC 752 and M67
Spectra of giant stars in the intermediate-age galactic cluster NGC 752and in the old cluster M67 were studied for the presence of Li I 6707 A.The lithium feature is not present in any of the M67 giants observed;this may be because these giants evolve from progenitors in the regionof the main-sequence lithium dip. While lithium is not present in mostNGC 752 giants, the feature is strong in Heinemann 77 and 208. Theabundances are log epsilon (Li) = + 1.1 and + 1.4, respectively.
| Narrow-band photometry of late-type stars. II
This paper presents extensive narrow-band photometry in the Uppsalasystem supplementing earlier published mesurements so that data now areavailable for all late-type stars brighter than V = 6.05 and a number ofgalactic cluster members. Numerous UBV and BV measurements are alsopublished. The data are used to determine relations for the predictionof UBV intrinsic colors for late-type stars from the narrow-bandmeasurements. The main purpose of the data is to constitute the basisfor the determination of solar-neighborhood space densities of late-typestars, mainly giants of different kinds; these space densities will becombined with narrow-band data for fainter stars in the north Galacticpole region to yield the decrease of space density with distance fromthe galactic plane for many kinds of late-type stars.
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Andromeda |
| Right ascension: | 01h54m57.50s |
| Declination: | +37°07'42.0" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 6.26 |
| Distance: | 161.031 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | 38.4 |
| Proper motion Dec: | -17.1 |
| B-T magnitude: | 7.798 |
| V-T magnitude: | 6.4 |
Catalogs and designations:
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