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A rigorous statistical test for the existence of supermetallicity in F, G and K dwarfs
In this paper, the first statistically rigorous test is performed todetermine whether there are dwarfs in the solar neighbourhood with[Fe/H] > +0.2 dex. The possibility that no such stars exist isrejected with a confidence limit exceeding 99.994 per cent. If thethreshold value is raised to +0.38 dex, the corresponding hypothesis isrejected with a confidence limit of 98.5 per cent. It is tentativelyfound that this upper limit does not depend on the presence or absenceof planets orbiting metal-rich stars. In a result that is unchanged froma previous paper, the upper limit for the known metallicities of giantsis found to be about 0.2 dex lower than the limit for dwarfs. Stars thatmight be observed to improve the upper metallicity limit for dwarfs arelisted.
| Spectroscopic Properties of Cool Stars (SPOCS). I. 1040 F, G, and K Dwarfs from Keck, Lick, and AAT Planet Search Programs
We present a uniform catalog of stellar properties for 1040 nearby F, G,and K stars that have been observed by the Keck, Lick, and AAT planetsearch programs. Fitting observed echelle spectra with synthetic spectrayielded effective temperature, surface gravity, metallicity, projectedrotational velocity, and abundances of the elements Na, Si, Ti, Fe, andNi, for every star in the catalog. Combining V-band photometry andHipparcos parallaxes with a bolometric correction based on thespectroscopic results yielded stellar luminosity, radius, and mass.Interpolating Yonsei-Yale isochrones to the luminosity, effectivetemperature, metallicity, and α-element enhancement of each staryielded a theoretical mass, radius, gravity, and age range for moststars in the catalog. Automated tools provide uniform results and makeanalysis of such a large sample practical. Our analysis method differsfrom traditional abundance analyses in that we fit the observed spectrumdirectly, rather than trying to match equivalent widths, and wedetermine effective temperature and surface gravity from the spectrumitself, rather than adopting values based on measured photometry orparallax. As part of our analysis, we determined a new relationshipbetween macroturbulence and effective temperature on the main sequence.Detailed error analysis revealed small systematic offsets with respectto the Sun and spurious abundance trends as a function of effectivetemperature that would be inobvious in smaller samples. We attempted toremove these errors by applying empirical corrections, achieving aprecision per spectrum of 44 K in effective temperature, 0.03 dex inmetallicity, 0.06 dex in the logarithm of gravity, and 0.5 kms-1 in projected rotational velocity. Comparisons withprevious studies show only small discrepancies. Our spectroscopicallydetermined masses have a median fractional precision of 15%, but theyare systematically 10% higher than masses obtained by interpolatingisochrones. Our spectroscopic radii have a median fractional precisionof 3%. Our ages from isochrones have a precision that variesdramatically with location in the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram. We planto extend the catalog by applying our automated analysis technique toother large stellar samples.
| The Planet-Metallicity Correlation
We have recently carried out spectral synthesis modeling to determineTeff, logg, vsini, and [Fe/H] for 1040 FGK-type stars on theKeck, Lick, and Anglo-Australian Telescope planet search programs. Thisis the first time that a single, uniform spectroscopic analysis has beenmade for every star on a large Doppler planet search survey. We identifya subset of 850 stars that have Doppler observations sufficient todetect uniformly all planets with radial velocity semiamplitudes K>30m s-1 and orbital periods shorter than 4 yr. From this subsetof stars, we determine that fewer than 3% of stars with-0.5<[Fe/H]<0.0 have Doppler-detected planets. Above solarmetallicity, there is a smooth and rapid rise in the fraction of starswith planets. At [Fe/H]>+0.3 dex, 25% of observed stars have detectedgas giant planets. A power-law fit to these data relates the formationprobability for gas giant planets to the square of the number of metalatoms. High stellar metallicity also appears to be correlated with thepresence of multiple-planet systems and with the total detected planetmass. This data set was examined to better understand the origin of highmetallicity in stars with planets. None of the expected fossilsignatures of accretion are observed in stars with planets relative tothe general sample: (1) metallicity does not appear to increase as themass of the convective envelopes decreases, (2) subgiants with planetsdo not show dilution of metallicity, (3) no abundance variations for Na,Si, Ti, or Ni are found as a function of condensation temperature, and(4) no correlations between metallicity and orbital period oreccentricity could be identified. We conclude that stars with extrasolarplanets do not have an accretion signature that distinguishes them fromother stars; more likely, they are simply born in higher metallicitymolecular clouds.Based on observations obtained at Lick and Keck Observatories, operatedby the University of California, and the Anglo-Australian Observatories.
| Chromospheric Ca II Emission in Nearby F, G, K, and M Stars
We present chromospheric Ca II H and K activity measurements, rotationperiods, and ages for ~1200 F, G, K, and M type main-sequence stars from~18,000 archival spectra taken at Keck and Lick Observatories as a partof the California and Carnegie Planet Search Project. We have calibratedour chromospheric S-values against the Mount Wilson chromosphericactivity data. From these measurements we have calculated medianactivity levels and derived R'HK, stellar ages,and rotation periods from general parameterizations for 1228 stars,~1000 of which have no previously published S-values. We also presentprecise time series of activity measurements for these stars.Based on observations obtained at Lick Observatory, which is operated bythe University of California, and on observations obtained at the W. M.Keck Observatory, which is operated jointly by the University ofCalifornia and the California Institute of Technology. The KeckObservatory was made possible by the generous financial support of theW. M. Keck Foundation.
| Improved Astrometry and Photometry for the Luyten Catalog. II. Faint Stars and the Revised Catalog
We complete construction of a catalog containing improved astrometry andnew optical/infrared photometry for the vast majority of NLTT starslying in the overlap of regions covered by POSS I and by the secondincremental Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS) release, approximately 44%of the sky. The epoch 2000 positions are typically accurate to 130 mas,the proper motions to 5.5 mas yr-1, and the V-J colors to0.25 mag. Relative proper motions of binary components are measured to 3mas yr-1. The false-identification rate is ~1% for11<~V<~18 and substantially less at brighter magnitudes. Theseimprovements permit the construction of a reduced proper-motion diagramthat, for the first time, allows one to classify NLTT stars intomain-sequence (MS) stars, subdwarfs (SDs), and white dwarfs (WDs). We inturn use this diagram to analyze the properties of both our catalog andthe NLTT catalog on which it is based. In sharp contrast to popularbelief, we find that NLTT incompleteness in the plane is almostcompletely concentrated in MS stars, and that SDs and WDs are detectedalmost uniformly over the sky δ>-33deg. Our catalogwill therefore provide a powerful tool to probe these populationsstatistically, as well as to reliably identify individual SDs and WDs.
| High resolution spectroscopy over lambda lambda 8500-8750 Å for GAIA. IV. Extending the cool MK stars sample
A library of high resolution spectra of MK standard and reference stars,observed in support to the GAIA mission, is presented. The aim of thispaper is to integrate the MK mapping of Paper I of this series as wellas to consider stars over a wider range of metallicities. Radialvelocities are measured for all the target stars.The spectra are available in electronic form (ASCII format) at CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/406/995 and from the webpage http://ulisse.pd.astro.it/MoreMK/, where further bibliographicalinformation for the target stars is given.
| Statistical cataloging of archival data for luminosity class IV-V stars. II. The epoch 2001 [Fe/H] catalog
This paper describes the derivation of an updated statistical catalog ofmetallicities. The stars for which those metallicities apply are ofspectral types F, G, and K, and are on or near the main sequence. Theinput data for the catalog are values of [Fe/H] published before 2002February and derived from lines of weak and moderate strength. Theanalyses used to derive the data have been based on one-dimensional LTEmodel atmospheres. Initial adjustments which are applied to the datainclude corrections to a uniform temperature scale which is given in acompanion paper (see Taylor \cite{t02}). After correction, the data aresubjected to a statistical analysis. For each of 941 stars considered,the results of that analysis include a mean value of [Fe/H], an rmserror, an associated number of degrees of freedom, and one or moreidentification numbers for source papers. The catalog of these resultssupersedes an earlier version given by Taylor (\cite{t94b}).Catalog is only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymousftp cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/398/731
| Statistical cataloging of archival data for luminosity class IV-V stars. I. The epoch 2001 temperature catalog
This paper is one of a pair in which temperatures and metallicitycatalogs for class IV-V stars are considered. The temperature catalogdescribed here is derived from a calibration based on stellar angulardiameters. If published calibrations of this kind are compared by usingcolor-index transformations, temperature-dependent differences among thecalibrations are commonly found. However, such differences are minimizedif attention is restricted to calibrations based on Johnson V-K. Acalibration of this sort from Di Benedetto (\cite{dib98}) is thereforetested and adopted. That calibration is then applied to spectroscopicand photometric data, with the latter predominating. Cousins R-Iphotometry receives special attention because of its high precision andlow metallicity sensitivity. Testing of temperatures derived from thecalibration suggests that their accuracy and precision are satisfactory,though further testing will be warranted as new results appear. Thesetemperatures appear in the catalog as values of theta equiv5040/T(effective). Most of these entries are accompanied by measured orderived values of Cousins R-I. Entries are given for 951 stars.Catalog is only available in electronic form at the CDS via anonymousftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/398/721
| A statistical search for supermetallicity in F, G and K stars
High-dispersion and low-resolution data are combined to search forsuper-metal-rich (SMR) FGK stars in the solar neighbourhood and Baade'sWindow. The data are assessed by using statistical analysis, with theirrms errors playing a key role. A star is considered to be SMR if itsvalue of [Fe/H]>+0.2dex, while `borderline' SMR status may beassigned if +0.1<[Fe/H]<=+0.2dex. Borderline SMR status isassigned to μ Leo and three other giants, but no full-fledged SMRgiants are found in either Baade's Window or the solar neighbourhood. Bycontrast, the existence of SMR class IV-V stars turns out to be wellestablished, with values found for [Fe/H] that are as large as ~+0.4dex.It is concluded that this apparent contrast between class IV-V stars andgiants should not be interpreted in astrophysical terms at presentbecause of marked shortcomings in the available data base for giants.Recommendations are made about future research that may cure thisproblem and extend present knowledge about SMR dwarfs.
| Radial Velocities for 889 Late-Type Stars
We report radial velocities for 844 FGKM-type main-sequence and subgiantstars and 45 K giants, most of which had either low-precision velocitymeasurements or none at all. These velocities differ from the standardstars of Udry et al. by 0.035 km s-1 (rms) for the 26 FGKstandard stars in common. The zero point of our velocities differs fromthat of Udry et al.: =+0.053km s-1. Thus, these new velocities agree with the best knownstandard stars both in precision and zero point, to well within 0.1 kms-1. Nonetheless, both these velocities and the standardssuffer from three sources of systematic error, namely, convectiveblueshift, gravitational redshift, and spectral type mismatch of thereference spectrum. These systematic errors are here forced to be zerofor G2 V stars by using the Sun as reference, with Vesta and day sky asproxies. But for spectral types departing from solar, the systematicerrors reach 0.3 km s-1 in the F and K stars and 0.4 kms-1 in M dwarfs. Multiple spectra were obtained for all 889stars during 4 years, and 782 of them exhibit velocity scatter less than0.1 km s-1. These stars may serve as radial velocitystandards if they remain constant in velocity. We found 11 newspectroscopic binaries and report orbital parameters for them. Based onobservations obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operatedjointly by the University of California and the California Institute ofTechnology, and on observations obtained at the Lick Observatory, whichis operated by the University of California.
| Research Note Hipparcos photometry: The least variable stars
The data known as the Hipparcos Photometry obtained with the Hipparcossatellite have been investigated to find those stars which are leastvariable. Such stars are excellent candidates to serve as standards forphotometric systems. Their spectral types suggest in which parts of theHR diagrams stars are most constant. In some cases these values stronglyindicate that previous ground based studies claiming photometricvariability are incorrect or that the level of stellar activity haschanged. Table 2 is only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/367/297
| Six New Planets from the Keck Precision Velocity Survey
We report results of a search for planets around 530 main-sequence starsusing the Keck HIRES spectrometer, which has provided Doppler precisionof 3 m s-1 during the past 3 yr. We report six new strongplanet candidates having complete Keplerian orbits, with periods rangingfrom 24 days to 3 yr. These are HD 10697, HD 37124, HD 134987, HD177830, HD 192263, and HD 222582. We also provide updated orbitalparameters for the previously announced planets around HD 187123, HD195019, HD 201277, and HD 217107. Four of the six newly discoveredplanets have minimum Msini masses less than 2 MJUP, while theremaining two have Msini~5 MJUP. The distribution ofplanetary masses continues to exhibit a rise toward lower masses. Theorbital eccentricities of the new planets range from 0.12 to 0.71, whichalso continues the ubiquity of high eccentricities. All 17 knownextrasolar planets orbiting beyond 0.2 AU have eccentricities greaterthan ~0.1. The current limiting Doppler precision of the Keck Dopplersurvey is 3 m s-1 per observation as determined fromobservations of both stable stars and residuals to Keplerian fits. Basedon observations obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which isoperated jointly by the University of California and the CaliforniaInstitute of Technology. Keck Telescope time comes from both NASA andthe University of California.
| Old, Low-Mass, Metal-Rich (SMR) Stars
The authors of this paper try to disentangle the many problems arisenfrom a new enlarged sample of nearby low-mass,metal-rich-stars. Thesestars have reliable absolute magnitudes, deduced from Hipparcosparallaxes, precise bolometric corrections, effective temperatures andmetal abundances from high resolution detailed spectroscopic analyses.Their ages have been derived from a grid of isochrones calculated withup to date physics. The main goal of this paper is to determine the agesof the slightly evolved SMR stars. Among those with well determinatedages about 80% of them have intermediate ages of (2 to 5 Gyr), but only20% have ages of 8 Gyr or more. Nevertheless, the existence of very oldmetal-rich stars is confirmed.
| Infrared spectroscopy of V616 Monocerotis (=A0620-00): the accretion disc contamination
We have obtained for the first time K-band infrared spectra of the softX-ray transient V616 Mon (=A0620-00). We determine the 2-sigma upperlimit to the fraction of light arising from the accretion disc to be 27percent. The effect this has on the binary inclination, determined frommodelling the infrared ellipsoidal variations is to increase it by lessthan 7 degrees and decrease the mass of the black hole by less than 3.6Msun.
| Metallicities and kinematics of G and K dwarfs
We have used accurate, spectroscopically determined abundances for G andK dwarfs of Morell, Kallander & Butcher and Morell to derive aphotometric abundance index for G and K dwarfs. Broad-band Cousins R-Iphotometry is used to estimate effective temperature and the Geneva b_1colour to estimate line blanketing in the blue and hence abundance.Abundances can be derived in the range -2.0<[Fe/H]<0.5 for G0 toK3 dwarfs, with a scatter in [Fe/H] of 0.2 dex. We apply the method to asample of Gliese catalogue G and K dwarfs, and examine the metallicityand kinematic properties of the stars. The stars show thewell-established observational features of the disc, thick disc and haloin the solar neighbourhood. We find that the distribution of local Kdwarf metallicity is quite similar to that of local G dwarfs, indicatingthat there is a `K dwarf' as well as a G dwarf problem.
| Dynamical evidence for a black hole in the X-ray transient QZ VUL (=GS 2000+25)
We report the first spectroscopic detection of the secondary star in theX-ray transient QZ Vul (=GS 2000+25). Cross-correlation of individualspectra against K-type templates yields clear velocity modulations withthe 8.3-h orbital period. From the amplitude of the radial velocitycurve (520+/-16 km s^-1) we derive a mass function f(M)=5.02+/-0.46M_solar, the second largest after that of V404 Cygni. We classify thecompanion star as a K5+/-2V which is the dominant light source in ourspectral range (lambdalambda6000-8800). Doppler imaging of the broadHα emission shows evidence for an intense hotspot from which weestimate an accretion disc radius of (0.47+/-0.03)R_Lx.
| Ca II H and K Filter Photometry on the UVBY System. II. The Catalog of Observations
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1995AJ....109.2828T&db_key=AST
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| Abundances and velocities for open and globular cluster giants: The data.
We present a large dataset consisting of giants in the field, and inopen and globular clusters. A total of 122 giants were observed in thefields of 8 open clusters. A total of 342 giants were observed in thefields of 25 globular clusters. A total of 36 field stars with wellknown abundances and luminosities were also observed. Radial velocitiesare determined for most giants, some of which have no photometryavailable. We have analyzed several spectral features in order to definea grid that will allow the determination of metal abundances for haloand bulge giants. The errors involved in the determination of radialvelocities and [Fe/H] are carefully examined. We find that field andopen cluster stars on one side, and globular cluster giants on the otherside, do not follow the same calibration. This is possibly due toenhanced [α/Fe] abundances in globular clusters. Therefore, wehave defined a calibration based only on globular cluster giants, validfrom [Fe/H]=-2.0 to +0.5. This calibration is carried out with thepurpose of measuring metallicities for bulge and halo giants, with theunderlying assumption that the abundance ratios of the relevant elementsrelative to iron are similar to the calibrating stars. Adopting asstandards the globular clusters NGC 288, NGC 362, NGC 1851, NGC 6356,NGC 6624, 47 Tuc, M 4 , M 3, and M 22 we derive metallicities forglobular clusters with less well known compositions, like M 28, and NGC6637. In particular, we confirm a low metallicity for M 28([Fe/H]=-1.35+/-0.2), a cluster that has a disk orbit.
| Optical Polarization of 1000 Stars Within 50-PARSECS from the Sun
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1993A&AS..101..551L&db_key=AST
| Ca II H and K filter photometry on the UVBY system. I - The standard system
A fifth filter (fwhm = 90 A) centered on Ca II H and K has beendeveloped for use with the standard uvby system. The filter, called Ca,is designed primarily for applications to metal-poor dwarfs and redgiants, regions where the uvby metallicity index, m(l), loses somesensitivity. An index, hk, is defined by replacing v in m(l) by Ca. Theeffects of interstellar extinction on the index are modeled anddemonstrated to be modest and relatively insensitive to spectral type.Observations of V, (b-y), and hk for 163 primary standards are detailedand transformed to the standard V and (b-y) system. A qualitativeanalysis using only the primary standards indicates that hk is moresensitive than m(l) over the regions of interest by about a factor of 3.
| Color distributions in early type galaxies. III - Radial gradients in spectral features
Long-slit spectra covering the wavelength range 5000-9500 A have beenobtained for three Virgo cluster ellipticals. Measurements of featuresin the spectra are presented, and their implications are discussed withparticular reference to (1) anomalous r-i gradients; (2) ionized gas inthe nucleus of NGC 4472; (3) nuclear emission line spectrum of M87; and(4) radial absorption line gradients in NGC 4472 with emphasis on the NaI 8190 A feature.
| ICCD speckle observations of binary stars. I - A survey for duplicity among the bright stars
A survey of a sample of 672 stars from the Yale Bright Star Catalog(Hoffleit, 1982) has been carried out using speckle interferometry onthe 3.6-cm Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope in order to establish thebinary star frequency within the sample. This effort was motivated bythe need for a more observationally determined basis for predicting thefrequency of failure of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) fine-guidancesensors to achieve guide-star lock due to duplicity. This survey of 426dwarfs and 246 evolved stars yielded measurements of 52 newly discoveredbinaries and 60 previously known binary systems. It is shown that thefrequency of close visual binaries in the separation range 0.04-0.25arcsec is 11 percent, or nearly 3.5 times that previously known.
| Radial velocities of standard stars
Radial-velocity observations obtained over a five-year period with theMcDonald Observatory photoelectric radial-velocity spectrometer arereported for those stars not known to be velocity variable. There are259 stars included in the 1650 observations of the spectral type rangeF0 to M0 and brighter than a V of 6.5 mag. For the best-observed 134stars, the standard error of the mean velocity is typically better than+ or - 0.9 km/s. Sixteen stars are shown to be constant to a sufficientlevel to warrant standard-star status. Six possible spectroscopicbinaries are found.
| E. W. Fick Observatory stellar radial velocity measurements. I - 1976-1984
Stellar radial velocity observations made with the large vacuumhigh-dispersion photoelectric radial velocity spectrometer at FickObservatory are reported. This includes nearly 2000 late-type starsobserved during 585 nights. Gradual modifications to this instrumentover its first eight years of operation have reduced the observationalerror for high-quality dip observations to + or - 0.8 km/s.
| G. P. Kuiper's spectral classifications of proper-motion stars
Spectral classifications are listed for over 3200 stars, mainly of largeproper motion, observed and classified by Kuiper during the years1937-1944 at the Yerkes and McDonald Observatories. While Kuiper himselfpublished many of his types, and while improved classifications are nowavailable for many of these stars, much of value remains. For many ofthe objects, no other spectral data exist.
| Some Cross-Reference Lists for the Catalog of Possible Nearby Stars
Not Available
| Radial-velocity standard stars
The paper reports the results of applying an iterative procedure devisedto establish a set of velocity standard stars for monitoring thebehavior of the Fick Observatory photoelectric radial-velocityspectrometer. Data obtained during the first three years of observationwith this instrument are used to select a set of 200 velocity standardstars brighter than 7th magnitude of spectral types from late F to earlyM. All velocities have been reduced to the Fick Observatory system.
| Possible nearby stars brighter than tenth magnitude
Basic data are compiled for 447 stars brighter than 10th visualmagnitude which may be within 25 pc of the sun and are missing from boththe Gliese (1969) and the Woolley et al. (1970) catalogs of nearbystars. The list includes 245 stars with photometric parallaxes, 17 starswith trigonometric parallaxes, and nine stars with dynamical parallaxes,all of which parallaxes are at least 0.040 arcsec, as well as 176 likelycandidates. The stars are grouped into six categories according to thereliability of absolute-magnitude estimates and ranked within each groupon the basis of calculated distance. The distance estimates incorporatea kinematic correction to the photometric parallaxes which is based onthe size of a star's proper motion. A list of stars brighter than 10thmag which appear in the Gliese but not in the Woolley et al. catalog isalso provided to facilitate cross-reference with existing catalogs ofnearby stars.
| Luminosities, Temperatures, and Kinematics of K-Type Dwarfs
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1971ApJS...22..389E&db_key=AST
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Serpens |
| Right ascension: | 15h20m47.10s |
| Declination: | -02°24'48.0" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 6.35 |
| Distance: | 36.928 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | -260.2 |
| Proper motion Dec: | -171.1 |
| B-T magnitude: | 7.724 |
| V-T magnitude: | 6.452 |
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