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E-BOSS: an Extensive stellar BOw Shock Survey. I. Methods and first catalogue
Context. Bow shocks are produced by many astrophysical objects whereshock waves are present. Stellar bow shocks, generated by runaway stars,have been previously detected in small numbers and well-studied. Alongwith progress in model development and improvements in observinginstruments, our knowledge of the emission produced by these objects andits origin can now be more clearly understood. Aims: We produce astellar bow-shock catalogue by applying uniform search criteria and asystematic search process. This catalogue is a starting point forstatistical studies, to help us address fundamental questions such as,for instance, the conditions under wich a stellar bow shock isdetectable. Methods: By using the newest infrared data releases,we carried out a search for bow shocks produced by early-type runawaystars. We first explored whether a set of known IRAS bow shockcandidates are visible in the most recently available IR data, which hasmuch higher resolution and sensitivity. We then carried out a selectionof runaway stars from the latest, large runaway catalogue available. Inthis first release, we focused on OB stars and searched for bow-shapedfeatures in the vicinity of these stars. Results: We provide abow-shock candidate survey that gathers a total of 28 members, which wecall the Extensive stellar BOw Shock Survey (E-BOSS). We derive the mainbow-shock parameters, and present some preliminary statistical resultson the detected objects. Conclusions: Our analysis of the initialsample and the newly detected objects yields a bow-shock detectabilityaround OB stars of ~10 per cent. The detections do not seem to dependparticularly on either stellar mass, age or position. The extension ofthe E-BOSS sample, with upcoming IR data, and by considering, forexample, other spectral types as well, will allow us to perform a moredetailed study of the findings.
| Ejection velocities of high Galactic latitude runaway stars
We estimate the distribution of ejection velocities for the knownpopulation of high Galactic latitude runaway stars. The initial sampleis a collection of 174 early-type stars selected from the literature.The stars are first classified according to their evolutionary status inorder to obtain a homogeneous sample of 96 genuine main-sequence stars.Their present velocities and flight times are then estimated usingproper motion data from various astrometric catalogues (includingTycho-2, UCAC2 and USNO-B) and the ejection velocities are computed bytracing their orbits back in time, based on a Galactic potential. Thepotential used is constructed from a mass density model chosen to fitthe most recent observational constraints.We find evidence for two different populations of runaway stars: a'high' velocity population, with a maximum ejection velocity of about400-500 km s-1, and a 'low' velocity population, with amaximum ejection velocity of about 300 km s-1. We argue thatthe observed limit of 500 km s-1 and the bimodality of theobserved ejection velocity distribution are natural consequences of theso-called Binary Ejection Mechanism. We discuss the connection betweenthe 'high' velocity population and the so-called hypervelocity stars,showing how previously studied hypervelocity stars are consistent withthe results obtained.We also find that some stars that were once thought to be best explainedas being formed in the halo are compatible with a runaway hypothesisonce proper motions are included in the analysis. However, three starsin the selected sample appear to be inconsistent with ejection from theGalactic disc. Possible scenarios are discussed, including a possibleformation in the Galactic halo.
| A catalogue of young runaway Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun
Traditionally, runaway stars are O- and B-type stars with large peculiarvelocities. We would like to extend this definition to young stars (upto ?50 Myr) of any spectral type and to identify those present in theHipparcos catalogue by applying different selection criteria, such aspeculiar space velocities or peculiar one-dimensional velocities.Runaway stars are important for studying the evolution of multiple starsystems or star clusters, as well as for identifying the origins ofneutron stars. We compile the distances, proper motions, spectral types,luminosity classes, V magnitudes and B-V colours, and we utilizeevolutionary models from different authors to obtain star ages. We studya sample of 7663 young Hipparcos stars within 3 kpc from the Sun. Theradial velocities are obtained from the literature. We investigate thedistributions of the peculiar spatial velocity and the peculiar radialvelocity as well as the peculiar tangential velocity and itsone-dimensional components and we obtain runaway star probabilities foreach star in the sample. In addition, we look for stars that aresituated outside any OB association or OB cluster and the Galactic planeas well as stars for which the velocity vector points away from themedian velocity vector of neighbouring stars or the surrounding local OBassociation/cluster (although the absolute velocity might be small). Wefind a total of 2547 runaway star candidates (with a contamination ofnormal Population I stars of 20 per cent at most). Thus, aftersubtracting these 20 per cent, the runaway frequency among young starsis about 27 per cent. We compile a catalogue of runaway stars, which isavailable via VizieR.
| UBVRI Photometric Standard Stars Around the Celestial Equator: Updates and Additions
New broadband UBVRI photoelectric observations on theJohnson-Kron-Cousins photometric system have been made of 202 starsaround the sky, and centered at the celestial equator. These starsconstitute both an update of and additions to a previously publishedlist of equatorial photometric standard stars. The list is capable ofproviding, for both celestial hemispheres, an internally consistenthomogeneous broadband standard photometric system around the sky. Whenthese new measurements are included with those previously published byLandolt (1992), the entire list of standard stars in this paperencompasses the magnitude range 8.90 < V < 16.30, and the colorindex range -0.35 < (B - V) < +2.30.
| Catalogue of Ap, HgMn and Am stars
We present a catalogue of 8205 known or suspected Ap, HgMn and Am stars.This paper is a major update of our first edition of the catalog of Apand Am stars and includes revised identifications, additional stars andrevised information obtained from the literature.Catalogue (full Table 1) is only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/498/961
| Catalogue of averaged stellar effective magnetic fields - II. Re-discussion of chemically peculiar A and B stars
This paper presents a catalogue and the method of determining averagedquadratic effective magnetic fields for 1212main-sequence and giant stars, and 11 white dwarf stars. The catalogueincludes stars that are members of several open clusters. We havecompiled measurements of the longitudinal magnetic field for thosestars, which were scattered in the existing literature. A new parameter,magnetization (MA), has been defined, and we present values of MA forstars of various spectral classes. Our sample includes a subset of 610chemically peculiar early-type stars. We confirm the conclusion of ourprevious study that the number distribution of all chemically peculiarstars versus the averaged magnetic field strength is described by adecreasing exponential function. Relations of this type also hold forstars of all the analysed subclasses of chemical peculiarity.Magnetization tends to correlate with the effective temperature only athigh MA, for He-weak and He-rich stars.
| A Tale of Two Herbig Ae Stars, MWC 275 and AB Aurigae: Comprehensive Models for Spectral Energy Distribution and Interferometry
We present comprehensive models for the Herbig Ae stars MWC 275 and ABAur that aim to explain their spectral energy distribution (from UV tomillimeter) and long-baseline interferometry (from near-infrared tomillimeter) simultaneously. Data from the literature, combined with newmid-infrared (MIR) interferometry from the Keck Segment TiltingExperiment, are modeled using an axisymmetric Monte Carlo radiativetransfer code. Models in which most of the near-infrared (NIR) emissionarises from a dust rim fail to fit the NIR spectral energy distribution(SED) and sub-milliarcsecond NIR CHARA interferometry. Following recentwork, we include an additional gas emission component with similar sizescale to the dust rim, inside the sublimation radius, to fit the NIR SEDand long-baseline NIR interferometry on MWC 275 and AB Aur. In theabsence of shielding of starlight by gas, we show that the gas-dusttransition region in these YSOs will have to contain highly refractorydust, sublimating at ~1850 K. Despite having nearly identical structurein the thermal NIR, the outer disks of MWC 275 and AB Aur differsubstantially. In contrast to the AB Aur disk, MWC 275 lacks smallgrains in the disk atmosphere capable of producing significant 10-20μm emission beyond ~7 AU, forcing the outer regions into the``shadow'' of the inner disk.
| Pulkovo compilation of radial velocities for 35495 stars in a common system.
Not Available
| The Origins and Evolutionary Status of B Stars Found Far from the Galactic Plane. II. Kinematics and Full Sample Analysis
This paper continues the analysis of faint high-latitude B stars fromMartin. Here we analyze the kinematics of the stars and combine themwith the abundance information from the first paper to classify eachone. The sample contains 31 Population I runaways, 15 old evolved stars(including 5 blue horizontal-branch [BHB] stars, 3 post-HB stars, 1pulsating helium dwarf, and 6 stars of ambiguous classification), 1 Fdwarf, and 2 stars that do not easily fit in one of the othercategories. No star in the sample unambiguously shows thecharacteristics of a young massive star formed in situ in the halo. Thetwo unclassified stars are probably extreme Population I runaways. Thelow binary frequency and rotational velocity distribution of thePopulation I runaways imply that most were ejected from dense starclusters by the dynamic ejection scenario. However, we remain puzzled bythe lack of runaway Be stars. We also confirm that PB 166 and HIP 41979are both nearby solar-metallicity BHB stars.Based on observations made at the 2.1 m Otto Struve Telescope ofMcDonald Observatory, operated by the University of Texas at Austin.
| New Estimates of the Solar-Neighborhood Massive Star Birthrate and the Galactic Supernova Rate
The birthrate of stars of masses >=10 Msolar is estimatedfrom a sample of just over 400 O3-B2 dwarfs within 1.5 kpc of the Sunand the result extrapolated to estimate the Galactic supernova ratecontributed by such stars. The solar-neighborhood Galactic-plane massivestar birthrate is estimated at ~176 stars kpc-3Myr-1. On the basis of a model in which the Galactic stellardensity distribution comprises a ``disk+central hole'' like that of thedust infrared emission (as proposed by Drimmel and Spergel), theGalactic supernova rate is estimated at probably not less than ~1 normore than ~2 per century and the number of O3-B2 dwarfs within the solarcircle at ~200,000.
| The Origins and Evolutionary Status of B Stars Found Far from the Galactic Plane. I. Composition and Spectral Features
The existence of faint blue stars far above the Galactic plane that havespectra that are similar to nearby Population I B stars presents severalinteresting questions. Among them are the following: Can a Population IB star travel from the disk to a position many kiloparsecs above theplane in a relatively short main-sequence lifetime? Is it possible thatsingle massive star formation is occurring far from the Galactic plane?Are these objects something else masquerading as main-sequence B stars?This paper (the first of two) analyzes the abundances of a sample ofthese stars and reveals several that are chemically similar to nearbyPopulation I B stars, whereas others clearly have abundance patternsmore like those expected in blue horizontal-branch (BHB) orpost-asymptotic giant branch stars. Several of those with old evolvedstar abundances also have interesting features of note in their spectra.We also consider why this sample does not have any classical Be starsand identify at least two nearby solar-metallicity BHB stars.Based on observations made at the 2.1 m Otto Struve Telescope ofMcDonald Observatory operated by the University of Texas at Austin.
| Young Stars far from the Galactic Plane: Runaways from Clusters
Quite recently, a significant number of OB stars far from the galacticplane have been found, situated at z-distances ranging from severalhundreds of pc to several kpc. The short lifetimes of these stars poseproblems for their interpretation in terms of the standard picture ofstar formation. Different mechanisms have been put forward to explainthe existence of these stars, either within the conventional view, orpostulating star formation in the galactic halo itself. These mechanismsrange from arguing that they are misidentified evolved or abnormalstars, to postulating powerful ejection mechanisms for young disk stars;in situ formation also admits several variants. We have collected fromthe literature a list of young stars far from the plane, for which theevidence of youth seems convincing. We discuss two possible formationmechanisms for these stars: ejection from the plane as the result ofdynamical evolution of small clusters (Poveda et al. 1967) and in situformation, via induced shocks created by spiral density waves (Martos etal. 1999). We compute galactic orbits for these stars, and identify thestars that could be explained by one or the other mechanism. We findthat about 90 percent of the stars can be accounted for by the clusterejection mechanism, that is, they can be regarded as runaway stars inthe galactic halo.
| CaII K interstellar observations towards early-type disc and halo stars - distances to intermediate- and high-velocity clouds
We compare existing high spectral resolution(R=λ/Δλ~ 40000) CaII K observations(λair= 3933.66 Å) towards 88 mainly B-typestars, and new observations taken using the Intermediate dispersionSpectrograph and Imaging System (ISIS) on the William Herschel Telescopeat R~ 10000 towards three stars taken from the Palomar-Green Survey,with 21-cm HI emission-line profiles, in order to search for opticalabsorption towards known intermediate- and high-velocity cloudcomplexes. Given certain assumptions, limits to the gas phase abundanceof CaII are estimated for the cloud components. We use the data toderive the following distances from the Galactic plane (z). (i)Tentative lower z-height limits of 2800 and 4100 pc towards complex Cusing lack of absorption in the spectra of HD341617 and PG0855+294,respectively. (ii) A weak lower z-height of 1400 pc towards complexWA-WB using lack of absorption in EC09470-1433 and a weak lower limit of2470 pc using lack of absorption in EC09452-1403. (iii) An upperz-height of 2470 pc towards a southern intermediate-velocity cloud (IVC)with vLSR=-55 km s-1 using PG2351+198. (iv)Detection of a possible IVC in CaII absorption at vLSR=+52 kms-1 using EC20104-2944. No associated HI in emission isdetected. At this position, normal Galactic rotation predicts velocitiesof up to ~+25 km s-1. The detection puts an upper z-height of1860 pc to the cloud. (v) Tentative HI and CaII K detections towards anIVC at ~+70 km s-1 in the direction of high-velocity cloud(HVC) complex WE, sightline EC06387-8045, indicating that the IVC may beat a z-height lower than 1770 pc. (vi) Detection of CaII K absorption inthe spectrum of PG0855+294 in the direction of IV20, indicating thatthis IVC has a z-height smaller than 4100 pc. (vii) A weak lowerz-height of 4300 pc towards a small HVC with vLSR=+115 kms-1 at l, b= 200°, + 52°, using lack of absorption inthe CaII K spectrum of PG0955+291.
| CaII K interstellar observations towards early-type disc and halo stars
We present high-resolution (R=λ/Δλ~ 40000) CaII Kinterstellar observations (λair= 3933.66Å)towards 88 mainly B-type stars, of which 74 are taken from theEdinburgh-Cape or Palomar-Green surveys, and 81 have |b| > 25°.The majority of the data come from previously existing spectroscopy,although also included are 18 new observations of stars with echellespectra taken with UVES on the Very Large Telescope UT2 (Kueyen). Some49 of the sample stars have distance estimates above the Galactic plane(|z|) >= 1 kpc, and are thus good probes of the halo interstellarmedium. Of the 362 interstellar Ca K components that we detect, 75 (21per cent) have absolute values of their LSR velocity values exceeding 40km s-1. In terms of the deviation velocity for the sightlineswith distance estimates, 46/273 (17 per cent) of components havevelocity values exceeding those predicted by standard Galactic rotationby more than 40 km s-1. Combining this data set with previousobservations, we find that the median value of the reduced equivalentwidth (REW) of stars with |z| >= 1 kpc (EW×sin|b|) is ~115mÅ (n= 80), similar to that observed in extragalactic sightlinesby Bowen. Using data of all z distances, the REW at infinity is found tobe ~130 mÅ, with the scaleheight (l) of the CaII K column densitydistribution being ~800 pc (n= 196) and reduced column density atinfinity of log[N(CaII K) cm-2]~12.24. This implies that ~30per cent of CaII K absorption occurs at distances exceeding ~1 kpc. Fornine sightlines with distance exceeding 1 kpc and with a companionobject within 5°, we find that all but two have values of CaIIreduced equivalent width the same to within ~20 per cent, when the REWof the nearest object is extrapolated to the distance of the further ofthe pair, and assuming l= 800 pc. For 29 of our sightlines with |z|>= 1 kpc and a HI detection from the Leiden-Dwingeloo survey(beamsize of 0.5°), we find log(N(CaII K)/N(HI)) ranging from -7.4to -8.4. Values of the CaII K abundance relative to neutral hydrogen(log[N(CaIIK)cm-2]-log[N(HI)cm-2]) are found to bemore than ~0.5dex higher in stars with distances exceeding ~100 pc, whencompared with the (log[N(CaII K) cm-2]-log[N(Htot) cm-2]) values found in nearbysightlines such as those in Wakker & Mathis (2000). Finally, stellarCaII K equivalent widths of the sample are determined for 26 objects.
| Catalogue of averaged stellar effective magnetic fields. I. Chemically peculiar A and B type stars
This paper presents the catalogue and the method of determination ofaveraged quadratic effective magnetic fields < B_e > for 596 mainsequence and giant stars. The catalogue is based on measurements of thestellar effective (or mean longitudinal) magnetic field strengths B_e,which were compiled from the existing literature.We analysed the properties of 352 chemically peculiar A and B stars inthe catalogue, including Am, ApSi, He-weak, He-rich, HgMn, ApSrCrEu, andall ApSr type stars. We have found that the number distribution of allchemically peculiar (CP) stars vs. averaged magnetic field strength isdescribed by a decreasing exponential function. Relations of this typehold also for stars of all the analysed subclasses of chemicalpeculiarity. The exponential form of the above distribution function canbreak down below about 100 G, the latter value representingapproximately the resolution of our analysis for A type stars.Table A.1 and its references are only available in electronic form atthe CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/407/631 and Tables 3 to 9are only available in electronic form at http://www.edpsciences.org
| Catalog of Galactic OB Stars
An all-sky catalog of Galactic OB stars has been created by extendingthe Case-Hamburg Galactic plane luminous-stars surveys to include 5500additional objects drawn from the literature. This work brings the totalnumber of known or reasonably suspected OB stars to over 16,000.Companion databases of UBVβ photometry and MK classifications forthese objects include nearly 30,000 and 20,000 entries, respectively.
| Early type stars at high galactic latitudes. I. Ten young massive B-type stars
We present the results of quantitative spectral analyses of tenapparently normal B-type stars. These stars were found to be youngmassive B-type stars at distances of z=2.6 to 7.6 kpc from the galacticplane based on their positions in the (Teff, log g) diagram,normal abundance patterns and/or large projected rotational velocities.We discuss formation scenarios (runaway star scenarios versus a scenariofor star formation in the halo) by comparing times-of-flight andevolutionary time scales. For all stars (except SB 357 and HS 1914+7139)both the scales are similar indicating that the stars could have formedin the galactic disk and been ejected from there soon after their birth.Derived ejection velocities range from 130 km s-1 to 440 kms-1 and may be used to constrain models for ejectionmechanisms. Using new proper motion measurements we show that PHL 346,which was considered the most likely candidate for a young B-type starborn in the halo, can be explained as a runaway star from the galacticplane. Based on observations obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory,which is operated by the Californian Association for Research inAstronomy for the California Institute of Technology and the Universityof California. Based on observations collected at the German-SpanishAstronomical Center (DSAZ), Calar Alto, operated by theMax-Planck-Institut für Astronomie Heidelberg jointly with theSpanish National Commission for Astronomy. Based on observationscollected at the European Southern Observatory (ESO proposal No.65.H-0341(A)).
| Model atmosphere and kinematical analyses of early-type stars from the Edinburgh-Cape Survey
We present high-resolution spectroscopic observations of 21 B-typestars, selected from the Edinburgh-Cape Blue Object Survey. Modelatmosphere analyses confirm that 14 of these stars are young,main-sequence B-type objects with Population I chemical compositions.The remaining seven are found to be evolved objects, includingsubdwarfs, horizontal branch and post-AGB objects. A kinematicalanalysis shows that all 14 young main-sequence stars could have formedin the disc and subsequently been ejected into the halo. These resultsare combined with the analysis of a previous subsample of stars takenfrom the Survey. Of the complete sample, 31 have been found to be young,main-sequence objects, with formation in the disc, and subsequentejection into the halo, again being found to be a plausible scenario.
| The Montreal-Cambridge-Tololo Survey of Southern Subluminous Blue Stars: The South Galactic Cap
Results for the south Galactic cap region of theMontréal-Cambridge-Tololo survey of blue subluminous stars arepresented. This region overlaps the 840 deg2 region studiedalmost three decades ago by Slettebak & Brundage. We present a list ofequatorial coordinates, photographic photometry, and spectroscopicidentifications, as well as finding charts, for 188 blue objects[(U-B)pg<=-0.6] brighter than Bpg=16.5 in thisarea. Completeness of the survey and comparisons with other similarefforts are discussed.
| Relative Fluxes by Spectrophotometry with RUBIKON
By means of the RUBIKON multi-channel detector system with integratedgrism spectrograph, attached to the Bochum 61cm telescope, five primarystandars stars have been intercompared and an additional secondarystandard star (HD 37027 in the center field of the LMC) has been set upin the wavelength range of 326-777 nm.
| Rotational velocities of B-type stars from the Edinburgh-Cape survey
The projected rotational velocity distribution for a sample of 34 highGalactic latitude B-type stars from the Edinburgh-Cape Faint Blue ObjectSurvey is presented to investigate the evolutionary status of the groupas a whole. Statistical analyses of the distribution show it to besimilar to that expected if the sample contained mainly normalPopulation i early B-type stars, although a contamination of up to 20 %by evolved stars cannot be ruled out. This implies that a large fractionof the sample consists of normal Population i B-type stars similar tothose found in the Galactic disk. Possible mechanisms explaining thepresence of these stars in the halo are briefly discussed.
| Quantitative spectral classification of galactic disc K-M stars from spectrophotometric measurements
New spectral observations for 47 southern galactic red supergiantsobtained with the new RUBIKON spectrophotometer (developed at theAstronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universitat Bochum) at the Bochum 61-cmtelescope on La Silla are presented. The spectra range from 4800 to 7700A and their resolution is 10 A. The mean error of absolute fluxes is0.028 mag and that of relative fluxes 0.021 mag. The spectra will beavailable at the Strasbourg Stellar Database (CDS). Together with datataken from recently published spectral catalogues, the new observationshave been used to define spectral indices as measures of the strengthsof the following features: Fe i+TiOalpha_1, Mgb+TiOalpha_0,NaD+TiOgamma'_1, TiOgamma'_0 and TiOgamma_1 systems. The indices havebeen checked against errors introduced by reductions, interstellarreddening and different resolutions of different spectral catalogues,and have been found to be very insensitive to all these effects.Therefore, different catalogues may be combined without any loss ofaccuracy and homogeneity. The mean error of a single index has beenfound to be 0.011 mag. For stars from K4 to M7, a strong temperaturedependence is found for all indices. For the Fe i+TiO and especially theMgb+TiO features, a strong dependence on luminosity has also beenobserved. These indices therefore have been combined to form aluminosity index, while the others together form a spectral index. Thecombined indices have been calibrated in terms of MK data using thestepwise linear regression technique, and may be used for quantitativetwo- dimensional spectral classification of late K- and M-type stars.The mean error of the classification is 0.6 of spectral subtype and 0.8of luminosity class, which is much higher than would be expected fromthe uncertainty of the indices alone (which, e.g., for an M4 giantcorrespond to an uncertainty of 0.1 of spectral subtype and 0.3 ofluminosity class). This may be explained by the uncertainty of theoriginal MK classifications and the variability of some programme stars.
| Classification of Population II Stars in the Vilnius Photometric System. I. Methods
The methods used for classification of Population II stars in theVilnius photometric system are described. An extensive set of standardswith known astrophysical parameters compiled from the literature sourcesis given. These standard stars are classified in the Vilnius photometricsystem using the methods described. The accuracy of classification isevaluated by a comparison of the astrophysical parameters derived fromthe Vilnius photometric system with those estimated from spectroscopicstudies as well as from photometric data in other systems. For dwarfsand subdwarfs, we find a satisfactory agreement between our reddeningsand those estimated in the uvbyscriptstyle beta system. The standarddeviation of [Fe/H] deter mined in the Vilnius system is about 0.2 dex.The absolute magnitude for dwarfs and subdwarfs is estimated with anaccuracy of scriptstyle <=0.5 mag.
| Blue-violet spectral evolution of young Magellanic Cloud clusters
We study the integrated spectral evolution in the blue-violet range of97 blue star clusters in the Magellanic Clouds, from those associatedwith gas emission to those as old as a few hundred Myr. Some clustersare dominated by the flux of those massive stars that pass throughevolutionary stages such as Wolf-Rayet, Luminous Blue Variable, Be, andsupergiant stars of different temperatures. The relationships amongspectral features such as absorption and emission lines, Balmerdiscontinuity and Balmer continuum are used to study the spectralevolution of the clusters. Finally, we sort into groups spectra ofsimilar evolutionary stages, creating a template spectral library withpossible applications in stellar populations syntheses of star-forminggalaxies and in the spectral simulation of bursts of star formation withdifferent mean ages and durations.
| UBV photometry of hot white dwarf stars
Johnson UBV photometry has been obtained for a set of hot degeneratestars, primarily DA and DO white dwarfs from among those detected in thePalomar-Green survey of UV excess objects. Most of our program starshave estimated effective temperatures (Teff) in the range22,000 to 80,000 K and have no previous photometry. Some objectsselected are also x-ray and extreme ultraviolet sources from the ROSATall sky survey. The importance of precise photometric measurements inthe analysis of x-ray data is discussed. A discrepancy between theobserved colors and predicted colors is noted, and possibly accountedfor by difficulties in defining the atmospheric cutoff of the U band anda general lack of hot stars used to define the photometrictransformation between theoretical and observed colors.
| Star Formation in the Galactic Halo
Not Available
| Analysis of Neckel and Chini standard stars in the UBVRI photometric system
This paper studies the list of 60 faint standard stars of Neckel andChini (1980) in the UBVRI Johnson photometric system. We have re-reducedthe standard stars using our own method of reduction from a large numberof selected observations made at the Observatorio Astronomico Nacionaland at the Centro Astronomico Hispano-Aleman, both at Calar Alto, Spain,and at the Observatorio del Roque de los Muchachos, La Palma Island,Spain. The reduction method used is explained and the results are givenfor the four colors used: (B-V), (U-B), (V-R), and (V-I), together withthe V magnitude, that is, we have corrected many standard stars for eachcolor and magnitude. These results are supported with graphs whereresidual color is plotted against corresponding color (or magnitude).Finally, our (V-R) and (V-I) results are compared to those of Taylor etal. (1989), with a good correspondence.
| The origin of distant B-type stars in the galactic halo
Model atmosphere analyses of seven high-latitude faint blue stars revealthem to be normal Population I objects at typical z-distances of 4 kpcor more. A comparison of the stellar ages with the time that would berequired to reach their present locations following ejection from thedisk shows that the four objects, PB 5418, TS 195, TS 308, and PHL 2018could have formed in the disk. The most likely ejection mechanismappears to be close gravitational encounters within stellar clusters, inagreement with previous results (Conlon et al., 1990). The kinematics ofthe remaining three stars (SB 357, BD - 15 deg 115, and BD - 2 deg 3766)are further investigated, together with those of five high-latitudeB-type stars that appear to have formed in the halo, to establish ifdisk ejection is possible. For three stars (SB 357, PG 0832 + 676, andBD - 15 deg 115), star formation in the halo is the only feasibleexplanation.
| General catalogue of AP and AM stars
A catalog of all the known Ap and Am stars, containing a total of 6684objects, was prepared. The few stars that were wrongly considered as Apor Am star are noted as well as some others for which their identity asAp or Am stars is not yet well established. The catalog gives theidentificators and the main observational data for each star, includingthe magnitude, color, spectral type, duplicity, periodicity, magneticfield, and projected rotational velocity.
| IUE observations of early-type stars at high Galactic latitudes
High- and low-resolution IUE spectra of 14 apparently normalhigh-Galactic latitude B-type stars, together with visual fluxesdetermined from Stroemgren four-color photometry, are compared withtheoretical spectra deduced from LTE model atmosphere calculations. Tenof the program stars have normal flux distributions, with only four ofthe stars exhibiting UV flux deficiency. For the latter, PHL 346 hasbeen identified as a beta Cepheid variable, SB 357 is a Be-type star,and the ultraviolet flux deficiency for HD 214080 can be removed byincreasing the E(B-V) from 0.09 to 0.12. In the case of HD 100340, thefour-color photometry is inconsistent with the ultraviolet fluxdistribution, but this inconsistency vanishes when UBV photometry isemployed in the analysis, implying that the uvby measurements may be inerror. The normal flux distributions found for the program star providesupport for their being Population I objects in the Galactic halo.
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| קבוצת-כוכבים: | לויתן |
| התרוממות ימנית: | 00h38m20.26s |
| סירוב: | -14°59'54.1" |
| גודל גלוי: | 10.747 |
| תנועה נכונה: | 6.7 |
| תנועה נכונה: | 0.5 |
| B-T magnitude: | 10.541 |
| V-T magnitude: | 10.73 |
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