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Chemically peculiar stars and their temperature calibration
Aims. The determination of effective temperature for chemically peculiar(CP) stars by means of photometry is a sophisticated task due to theirabnormal colours. Standard calibrations for normal stars lead toerroneous results and, in most cases corrections are necessary. Methods: In order to specify appropriate corrections, direct temperaturedeterminations for 176 objects of the different subgroups were collectedfrom the literature. This much larger sample than in previous studiestherefore allows a more accurate investigation, mostly based on averagetemperatures. Results: For the three main photometric systems (UBV,Geneva, Strömgren {uvby}β), methods to determine effectivetemperature are presented together with a comparison with formerresults. Based on the compiled data we provide evidence that He (CP4)objects also need a considerable correction, not noticed in formerinvestigations due to their small number. Additionally, a new relationfor the bolometric correction and the capability of standardcalibrations to deduce interstellar reddening for magnetic CP stars areshown.Tables 4 to 8 are only available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org
| Magnetic fields of chemically peculiar stars. I. The catalog of magnetic CP stars
This is the first paper of the series dedicated to the analysis of themagnetism of chemically peculiar (CP) stars of the upper Main Sequence.We use our own measurements and published data to compile a catalog ofmagnetic CP stars containing a total of 326 objects with confidentlydetected magnetic fields and 29 stars which are very likely to possessmagnetic field. We obtained the data on the magnetism of theoverwhelming majority of the stars solely based on the analysis oflongitudinal field component B e . The surface magneticfield, B s , has been measured for 49 objects. Our analysisshows that the number of magnetic CP stars decreases with increasingfield strength in accordance with exponential law, and stars with B e exceeding 5kG occur rarely (about 3% objects of ourlist).
| Magnetic-field dependence of chemical anomalies in CP stars
The dependence of the degree of anomaly of parameter Z of Genevaphotometry ( Z0 = Z CP ℒ Z norm.) on theaverage surface magnetic field Bs is analyzed. The Z0 value isproportional to the degree of anomaly of chemical composition. It wasfound that Bs → 0 corresponds Z0 → ‑0.010÷‑0.015, i.e., part of CP stars are virtually devoid of magneticfield, but exhibit chemical anomalies. This effect may be due toselection whereby only objects with strong chemical anomalies areclassified as CP stars, thereby producing a deficit of stars withrelatively weak anomalies. Moreover, CP stars have other sources ofstabilization of their atmospheres besides the magnetic field, e.g.,slow rotation. Formulas relating Z0 to Bs are derived.
| Searching for links between magnetic fields and stellar evolution: II. The evolution of magnetic fields as revealed by observations of Ap stars in open clusters and associations
Context: The evolution of magnetic fields in Ap stars during the mainsequence phase is presently mostly unconstrained by observation becauseof the difficulty of assigning accurate ages to known field Ap stars. Aims: We are carrying out a large survey of magnetic fields in clusterAp stars with the goal of obtaining a sample of these stars withwell-determined ages. In this paper we analyse the information availablefrom the survey as it currently stands. Methods: We select from theavailable observational sample the stars that are probably (1) clusteror association members and (2) magnetic Ap stars. For the stars in thissubsample we determine the fundamental parameters T{eff},L/L_ȯ, and M/M_ȯ. With these data and the cluster ages weassign both absolute age and fractional age (the fraction of the mainsequence lifetime completed). For this purpose we have derived newbolometric corrections for Ap stars. Results: Magnetic fields arepresent at the surfaces of Ap stars from the ZAMS to the TAMS.Statistically for the stars with M > 3 M_ȯ the fields declinewith advancing age approximately as expected from flux conservationtogether with increased stellar radius, or perhaps even faster than thisrate, on a time scale of about 3×107 yr. In contrast,lower mass stars show no compelling evidence for field decrease even ona timescale of several times 108 yr. Conclusions: Study ofmagnetic cluster stars is now a powerful tool for obtaining constraintson evolution of Ap stars through the main sequence. Enlarging the sampleof known cluster magnetic stars, and obtaining more precise rms fields,will help to clarify the results obtained so far. Further fieldobservations are in progress.Tables 2 and 3 are only available in electronic form athttp://www.aanda.org
| Fundamental parameters of He-weak and He-strong stars
Context: He-weak and He-strong stars are chemically peculiar AB objectswhose He lines are anomalously weak or strong for their MK spectraltype. The determination of fundamental parameters for these stars isoften more complex than for normal stars due to their abundanceanomalies. Aims: We discuss the determination of fundamentalparameters: effective temperature, surface gravity, and visual andbolometric absolute magnitudes of He-weak and He-strong stars. Wecompare our values with those derived independently from methods basedon photometry and model fitting. Methods: We carried out low resolutionspectroscopic observations in the wavelength range 3400-4700 Å of20 He-weak and 8 He-strong stars to determine their fundamentalparameters by means of the Divan-Chalonge-Barbier (BCD)spectrophotometric system. This system is based on the measurement ofthe continuum energy distribution around the Balmer discontinuity (BD).For a few He-weak stars we also estimate the effective temperatures andthe angular diameters by integrating absolute fluxes observed over awide spectral range. Non-LTE model calculations are carried out to studythe influence of the He/H abundance ratio on the emergent radiation ofHe-strong stars and on their T_eff determination. Results: We find thatthe effective temperatures, surface gravities and bolometric absolutemagnitudes of He-weak stars estimated with the BCD system and theintegrated flux method are in good agreement between each other, andthey also agree with previous determinations based on several differentmethods. The mean discrepancy between the visual absolute magnitudesderived using the hipparcos parallaxes and the BCD values is on average±0.3 mag for He-weak stars, while it is ±0.5 mag forHe-strong stars. For He-strong stars, we note that the BCD calibration,based on stars in the solar environment, leads to overestimated valuesof T_eff. By means of model atmosphere calculations with enhanced He/Habundance ratios we show that larger He/H ratios produce smaller BDwhich naturally explains the T_eff overestimation. We take advantage ofthese calculations to introduce a method to estimate the He/H abundanceratio in He-strong stars. The BD of HD 37479 suggests that the T_eff ofthis star remains fairly constant as the star spectrum undergoes changesin the intensity of H and He absorption lines. Data for the He-strongstar HD 66765 are reported for the first time.Observations taken at CASLEO, operating under agreement of CONICET andthe Universities of La Plata, Córdoba and San Juan, Argentina.Tables [see full text]-[see full text] and Appendix A are only available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org
| Pulkovo compilation of radial velocities for 35495 stars in a common system.
Not Available
| New Estimates of the Solar-Neighborhood Massive Star Birthrate and the Galactic Supernova Rate
The birthrate of stars of masses >=10 Msolar is estimatedfrom a sample of just over 400 O3-B2 dwarfs within 1.5 kpc of the Sunand the result extrapolated to estimate the Galactic supernova ratecontributed by such stars. The solar-neighborhood Galactic-plane massivestar birthrate is estimated at ~176 stars kpc-3Myr-1. On the basis of a model in which the Galactic stellardensity distribution comprises a ``disk+central hole'' like that of thedust infrared emission (as proposed by Drimmel and Spergel), theGalactic supernova rate is estimated at probably not less than ~1 normore than ~2 per century and the number of O3-B2 dwarfs within the solarcircle at ~200,000.
| A catalog of stellar magnetic rotational phase curves
Magnetized stars usually exhibit periodic variations of the effective(longitudinal) magnetic field Be caused by their rotation. Wepresent a catalog of magnetic rotational phase curves, Be vs.the rotational phase φ, and tables of their parameters for 136stars on the main sequence and above it. Phase curves were obtained bythe least squares fitting of sine wave or double wave functions to theavailable Be measurements, which were compiled from theexisting literature. Most of the catalogued objects are chemicallypeculiar A and B type stars (127 stars). For some stars we also improvedor determined periods of their rotation. We discuss the distribution ofparameters describing magnetic rotational phase curves in our sample.All tables and Appendix A are only available in electronic form athttp://www.edpsciences.org
| Catalogue of averaged stellar effective magnetic fields. I. Chemically peculiar A and B type stars
This paper presents the catalogue and the method of determination ofaveraged quadratic effective magnetic fields < B_e > for 596 mainsequence and giant stars. The catalogue is based on measurements of thestellar effective (or mean longitudinal) magnetic field strengths B_e,which were compiled from the existing literature.We analysed the properties of 352 chemically peculiar A and B stars inthe catalogue, including Am, ApSi, He-weak, He-rich, HgMn, ApSrCrEu, andall ApSr type stars. We have found that the number distribution of allchemically peculiar (CP) stars vs. averaged magnetic field strength isdescribed by a decreasing exponential function. Relations of this typehold also for stars of all the analysed subclasses of chemicalpeculiarity. The exponential form of the above distribution function canbreak down below about 100 G, the latter value representingapproximately the resolution of our analysis for A type stars.Table A.1 and its references are only available in electronic form atthe CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/407/631 and Tables 3 to 9are only available in electronic form at http://www.edpsciences.org
| Catalog of Galactic OB Stars
An all-sky catalog of Galactic OB stars has been created by extendingthe Case-Hamburg Galactic plane luminous-stars surveys to include 5500additional objects drawn from the literature. This work brings the totalnumber of known or reasonably suspected OB stars to over 16,000.Companion databases of UBVβ photometry and MK classifications forthese objects include nearly 30,000 and 20,000 entries, respectively.
| On the behavior of the Cii 4267.261, 6578.052 and 6582.882 Å lines in chemically peculiar and standard stars
With the aim of investigating the possible particular behavior of carbonin a sample of chemically peculiar stars of the main sequence withoutturning to modeling, we performed spectroscopic observations of threeimportant and usually prominent single ionized carbon lines: 4267.261,6578.052 and 6582.882 Å. In addition, we observed a large numberof standard stars in order to define a kind of normality strip, usefulfor comparing the observed trend for the peculiar stars. We paidparticular attention to the problem of the determination of fundamentalatmospheric parameters, especially for the chemically peculiar stars forwhich the abundance anomalies change the flux distribution in such a waythat the classical photometric methods to infer effective temperaturesand gravities parameter cannot be applied. Regarding CP stars, we founda normal carbon abundance in Hg-Mn, Si (with some exceptions) and Hestrong stars. He weak stars are normal too, but with a large spread outof the data around the mean value. A more complicated behavior has beennoted in the group of SrCrEu stars: four out of seven show a strongoverabundance, being the others normal.
| Fractionated stellar wind and the H/He abundance anomalies in BP stars
Radiatively driven winds occur in all main sequence stars (Babel\cite{Bab1}, \cite{Bab2}). However, due to the weak coupling between thephoton absorbing metals and the inert elements H and He, the wind in thelow temperature domain is fractionated: He decouples from the wind atT_eff < 25 000 K, and below 17 000 K even H. The decoupled elementsfall back to the surface of the star thus creating overabundances andabundance stratifications. These anomalies, however, become manifestonly if atmospheric turbulence is suppressed (say by magnetic fields).In order to prove the validity of the described scenario, all B_p starsfor which reliable fundamental parameters exist, are discussed on thebasis of the (augmented) (g, T_eff)-diagram of Babel (\cite{Bab2}). Itis shown that the fractionation process is able to explain the observedtemperature sequence of He-rich and He-poor stars, additionally toclassical diffusion processes. A necessary condition is that a magneticfield is present. This explains why only a fraction of B stars exhibitsH/He anomalies. While classical diffusion operates in the quiet zones(no wind) of a star, fractionation takes place above the wind bases.
| Properties of He-rich stars. II. CNO abundances and projected rotational velocities
We present an abundance analysis of light elements in the most massivechemically peculiar (CP) stars, He-rich stars. The analysis is based onboth low and high-resolution observations collected at ESO, La Silla,Chile in the optical region and includes 6 standard and 21 He-richstars. Light element abundances display a diverse pattern fromunder-solar up to above-solar values. Carbon is found underabundant inthe hottest He-rich stars and normal in the coolest ones, according tothe LTE model predictions. The distribution of projected rotationalvelocities shows a significant excess of slow rotators, no He-rich starshaving vsin i > 130 km s(-1) . Based on observations collected at theEuropean Southern Observatory, La Silla, Chile (programmes 7-043 and7-010 of periods 49 and 50 resp.)
| On the HIPPARCOS photometry of chemically peculiar B, A, and F stars
The Hipparcos photometry of the Chemically Peculiar main sequence B, A,and F stars is examined for variability. Some non-magnetic CP stars,Mercury-Manganese and metallic-line stars, which according to canonicalwisdom should not be variable, may be variable and are identified forfurther study. Some potentially important magnetic CP stars are noted.Tables 1, 2, and 3 are available only in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| The HR-diagram from HIPPARCOS data. Absolute magnitudes and kinematics of BP - AP stars
The HR-diagram of about 1000 Bp - Ap stars in the solar neighbourhoodhas been constructed using astrometric data from Hipparcos satellite aswell as photometric and radial velocity data. The LM method\cite{luri95,luri96} allows the use of proper motion and radial velocitydata in addition to the trigonometric parallaxes to obtain luminositycalibrations and improved distances estimates. Six types of Bp - Apstars have been examined: He-rich, He-weak, HgMn, Si, Si+ and SrCrEu.Most Bp - Ap stars lie on the main sequence occupying the whole width ofit (about 2 mag), just like normal stars in the same range of spectraltypes. Their kinematic behaviour is typical of thin disk stars youngerthan about 1 Gyr. A few stars found to be high above the galactic planeor to have a high velocity are briefly discussed. Based on data from theESA Hipparcos astrometry satellite and photometric data collected in theGeneva system at ESO, La Silla (Chile) and at Jungfraujoch andGornergrat Observatories (Switzerland). Tables 3 and 4 are onlyavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Light element abundances in He-rich stars
We present an abundance analysis of light elements in He-rich stars. Theanalysis is based on both low and high resolution observations collectedat ESO, La Silla, Chile in the optical region and includes 6 standardsand 21 He-rich stars. Light-element abundances display a diversepattern: they range from under-solar up to above-solar values.
| The observed periods of AP and BP stars
A catalogue of all the periods up to now proposed for the variations ofCP2, CP3, and CP4 stars is presented. The main identifiers (HD and HR),the proper name, the variable-star name, and the spectral type andpeculiarity are given for each star as far as the coordinates at 2000.0and the visual magnitude. The nature of the observed variations (light,spectrum, magnetic field, etc.) is presented in a codified way. Thecatalogue is arranged in three tables: the bulk of the data, i.e. thosereferring to CP2, CP3, and CP4 stars, are given in Table 1, while thedata concerning He-strong stars are given in Table 2 and those foreclipsing or ellipsoidal variables are collected in Table 3. Notes arealso provided at the end of each table, mainly about duplicities. Thecatalogue contains data on 364 CP stars and is updated to 1996, October31. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS,Strasbourg, France.
| Age variation of helium abundance in He-rich stars.
Not Available
| Magnesium abundance in main sequence B-type and magnetic chemically peculiar stars.
The abundance of magnesium for a sample of 19 main sequence B-type and41 magnetic chemically peculiar stars has been derived by spectrumsynthesis analysis of the MgII448.1nm line under the LTE assumption. Thelogarithm of the average Mg abundance for the main sequence stars is log(N(MgII)/N(Tot))=-4.28+/-0.19. Comparing magnetic chemically peculiar(Cp) and main sequence stars with equal effective temperature andgravity, one finds that the magnesium abundance tends to be lower inpeculiar stars with the exception of helium rich stars where thiselement can be overabundant. In Cp stars with effective temperature ofabout 14000K, the magnesium abundance does not depend on gravity,microturbulent velocity or rotational period. There appears to exist acorrelation between the magnesium abundance and the surface magneticfield, with the stars poorest in magnesium presenting the strongestmagnetic fields. In accord with the theory of magnetically controlleddiffusion - which predicts a non-homogeneous distribution of magnesiumover the stellar surface and stratification in the photosphere - somepeculiar stars show evidence of spectral variability with the rotationalphase; the respective magnesium abundances of the HgMn stars HD49606 andHD78316 depend on optical depth.
| Properties of He-rich stars. I. Their evolutionary state and helium abundance.
A determination of the surface gravity and an abundance analysis ofhelium in a sample of 17 He-rich and 5 normal, reference stars ispresented. These results are derived from low resolution CCD spectra,but each star was measured at least 6 times in order to obtain asignificant average spectrum for the spectroscopic variables. The heliumabundances derived from the models used are very close to 0.1 fornormal, reference stars and are larger for the others, clearlyindicating the He-rich phenomenon in them. NLTE effects, errors on themicroturbulence value or on the surface gravity do not influence theestimated helium abundances. Nevertheless, synthesized Geneva coloursare affected by the He-rich peculiarity, especially the [U-B] indexwhich systematically changes by -0.025 mag per 0.1 of He abundance forthe coolest stars in the sample. We cannot confirm the correlationbetween the evolutionary state and the helium abundance reportedpreviously (Zboril et al. 1994, International Conference on CP andMagnetic Stars.", Tatranska Lomnica, eds. J. Zverko and J. Ziznovsky, p.105), although we used a more reliable technique of log(g)determination. All He-rich objects lie within the main sequence: theirsurface gravities are all inside the range 4.1
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| Radio continuum emission from stars: a catalogue update.
An updated version of my catalogue of radio stars is presented. Somestatistics and availability are discussed.
| A Search for Variability in Intermediate Helium Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1994MNRAS.269...33K&db_key=AST
| The South African Astronomical Observatory.
Not Available
| A new list of effective temperatures of chemically peculiar stars. II.
Not Available
| Some problems of non-reversive CP stars. I. Spatial distribution.
Not Available
| Radio emission from chemically peculiar stars
In five VLA observing runs the initial survey of radio emission frommagnetic Bp-Ap stars by Drake et al. is extended to include a total of16 sources detected at 6 cm out of 61 observed, giving a detection rateof 26 percent. Of these stars, three are also detected at 2 cm, four at3.6 cm, and five at 20 cm. The 11 new stars detected as radio sourceshave spectral types B5-A0 and are He-weak and Si-strong. No classical(SrCrEu-type) Ap stars have yet been detected. The 16 detected sourcesshow a wide range of radio luminosities with the early-B He-S stars onaverage 20 times more radio luminous than the late-B He-W stars and 1000times more luminous than Theta Aurigae. Multifrequency observationsindicate flat spectra in all cases. Four stars have a detectable degreeof circular polarization at one or more frequencies. It is argued thatthe radio-emitting CP (chemically peculiar) stars form a distinct classof radio stars that differs from both the hot star wind sources and theactive late-type stars. The observed properties of radio emission fromthese stars may be understood in terms of optically thickgyrosynchrotron emission from a nonthermal distribution of electronsproduced in a current sheet far from the star. In this model theelectrons travel along magnetic fields to smaller radii and highermagnetic latitudes where they mirror and radiate microwave radiation.
| Mid-ultraviolet and optical photometry of helium stars
Mid-ultraviolet and optical photometric analysis of helium stars arepresented. A linear relation exists between the effective temperaturederived from model atmospheres and (1965-V)0 index. The effectivetemperatures derived from (1965-V)0 index are somewhat higher than thatof MK spectral type estimates especially for late B-type helium objects.
| On dependence of helium abundance upon magnetic field in He-r stars.
Not Available
| Magnetically controlled circumstellar matter in the helium-strong stars
This paper reports the observation and interpretation of the ultravioletspectrum variations of nine helium-strong stars: HD 36485, 37017, 37479,37776, 58260, 60344, 64740, 96446, and 133518. A unified model isdeveloped to account for the observed correlation among three stellarproperties: the line profile characteristics of the C IV and Si IVresonance doublets, the variations in the strength of these lines, andthe inferred magnetic field geometry. It is proposed that circumstellarplasma is trapped in the stellar magnetosphere near the magnetic equatoror is channeled to form jetlike outflows from the magnetic polarregions. These results, together with those of a previous study of thehelium-weak sn stars, show that both helium-weak and helium-strong starscan possess magnetospherically trapped plasma, notwithstanding theirdifferent photospheric properties. New results for radii andtemperatures of the helium-strong stars in Ori OB 1 and for HD 64740from low-dispersion IUE spectra are also presented.
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