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Spectroscopic observations of the rapid rotating post-AGB star IRAS 05381+1012
We report on the high-resolution stellar parameters and abundanceanalysis of the rapidly rotating post-AGB star IRAS 05381+1012. Analysisof high-resolution spectra shows that IRAS 05381+1012 has an effectivetemperature of T_eff=5200± 100 K and a surface gravity of logg=1.0± 0.5 corresponding to a spectral type G(2-3)I. Theseparameters result in an estimated luminosity of 970 Lȯand a distance of 2700 pc. We also show that IRAS 05381+1012 has aprojected rotational velocity vsin i=40± 10 km s-1.The abundance analysis based on a few available lines reveals that thisstar is an iron-deficient object with [Fe/H]=-0.8. We also analyze theabundance pattern and compare it to other classes of stars with similarstellar parameters.
| Post-AGB stars as testbeds of nucleosynthesis in AGB stars
We construct a data base of 125 post-AGB objects (including R CrB andextreme helium stars) with published photospheric parameters (effectivetemperature and gravity) and chemical composition. We estimate themasses of the post-AGB stars by comparing their position in the (logT{eff}, log g) plane with theoretical evolutionary tracks ofdifferent masses. We construct various diagrams, with the aim of findingclues to AGB nucleosynthesis. This is the first time that a large sampleof post-AGB stars has been used in a systematic way for such a purposeand we argue that, in several respects, post-AGB stars should be morepowerful than planetary nebulae to test AGB nucleosynthesis. Our mainfindings are that: the vast majority of objects which do not showevidence of N production from primary C have a low stellar mass(Mstar < 0.56 Mȯ); there is no evidencethat objects which did not experience 3rd dredge-up have a differentstellar mass distribution than objects that did; there is clear evidencethat 3rd dredge-up is more efficient at low metallicity. The sample ofknown post-AGB stars is likely to increase significantly in the nearfuture thanks to the ASTRO-F and follow-up observations, making theseobjects even more promising as testbeds for AGB nucleosynthesis.
| Keplerian discs around post-AGB stars: a common phenomenon?
Aims.We aim at showing that the broad-band SED characteristics of oursample of post-AGB stars are best interpreted, assuming thecircumstellar dust is stored in Keplerian rotating passivediscs.Methods.We present a homogeneous and systematic study of theSpectral Energy Distributions (SEDs) of a sample of 51 post-AGB objects.The selection criteria to define the whole sample were tuned to coverthe broad-band characteristics of known binary post-AGB stars. The wholesample includes 20 dusty RV Tauri stars from the General Catalogue ofVariable Stars (GCVS). We supplemented our own Geneva optical photometrywith literature data to cover a broad range of fluxes from the UV to thefar-IR.Results.All the SEDs display very similar characteristics: alarge IR excess with a dust excess starting near the sublimationtemperature, irrespective of the effective temperature of the centralstar. Moreover, when available, the long wavelength fluxes show ablack-body slope indicative of the presence of a component of large mmsized grains.Conclusions.We argue that in all systems, gravitationallybound dusty discs are present. The discs must be puffed-up to cover alarge opening angle for the central star and we argue that the discshave some similarity with the passive discs detected around youngstellar objects. We interpret the presence of a disc to be a signaturefor binarity of the central object, but this will need confirmation bylong-term monitoring of the radial velocities. We argue that dusty RVTauri stars are those binaries which happen to be in the Population IIinstability strip.
| The nature of Hen 3-1312: A post-AGB star in a binary system
This work reports the low- and high-resolution spectroscopic diagnosticdiagrams, radial velocity, stellar parameters and abundance analysis ofthe planetary nebula Hen 3-1312. The low- and high-resolution spectrareveal that Hen 3-1312 is in fact a very-low-excitation object, in abinary system with a supergiant as a cool central star. The analysis ofthe high-resolution spectrum shows the cool stellar component to have aneffective temperature of Teff=6500±100 K and a surfacegravity of log g=0.8±0.2 corresponding to a spectral type ofF(6-7)I. These parameters result in an estimated primary luminosity of4100 Lȯ, implying a distance of 4400 pc which is inagreement with previous determinations. The abundance analysis revealsHen 3-1312 to be a metal-poor object having [Fe/H]=-1.1. The meanabundances of carbon, nitrogen and oxygen are found to be solar, howeverthe α-elements (Mg, Si and Ca) are underabundant relative to theSun. The abundance profile of Hen 3-1312 is analyzed and compared withother classes of stars with similar atmospheric parameters.Based on observations made with the 1.52 m telescope at the EuropeanSouthern Observatory (La Silla, Chile) under the agreement with theCNPq-Observatório Nacional (Brazil).Table \ref{tab4} is only available in electronic form athttp://www.edpsciences.org
| The All Sky Automated Survey. The Catalog of Variable Stars. II. 6^h-12^h Quarter of the Southern Hemisphere
This paper describes the second part of the photometric data from the 9arcdeg times 9 arcdeg ASAS camera monitoring the whole southernhemisphere in the V-band. Preliminary list of variable stars based onobservations obtained since January 2001 is presented. Over 2800000stars brighter than V=15 mag on 18000 frames were analyzed and 11357were found to be variable (2685 eclipsing, 907 regularly pulsating, 521Mira and 7244 other, mostly SR, IRR and LPV stars). Periodic lightcurves have been classified using the automated algorithm, which nowtakes into account IRAS infrared fluxes. Basic photometric propertiesare presented in the tables and some examples of thumbnail light curvesare printed for reference. All photometric data are available over theINTERNET at http://www.astrouw.edu.pl/~gp/asas/asas.html orhttp://archive.princeton.edu/~asas.
| Post-Agb Stars
In this contribution, a review is presented on the ample data obtainedon post-AGB stars, both on the central stars and their circumstellarmaterial. The fast evolutionary phase is characterized by a rapid changein the properties of the objects, but the variety is so large that thereis yet no clear consensus on how the detailed studies of individualobjects are linked together by evolutionary channels. The absence ofstrong molecular veiling in the photospheres of the central stars,together with a spread in intrinsic metallicity make post-AGB stars veryuseful in constraining AGB chemical evolutionary models. We discuss thesurprisingly wide variety of chemical signatures observed. The onset inthe creation process of the panoply of structures and shapes observed inplanetary nebulae occurs during the short post-AGB evolution, but thephysical nature of the processes involved is still badly understood. Inthe rapidly growing field of circumstellar mineralogy, post-AGB starshave their story to tell and also the molecular envelope changessignificantly due to dilution and hardening of the stellar radiation.The real-time evolution of some objects suffering a late thermal flashis reviewed and their possible link to other hydrogen-deficient objectsis discussed. Any review on stellar evolution has a section on binariesand this contribution is no exception because binaries make up asignificant fraction of the post-AGB stars known to date.
| RU Cen and SX Cen: Two strongly depleted RV Tauri stars in binary systems. The RV Tauri photometric b phenomenon and binarity
We present a chemical abundance analysis on the basis of highsignal-to-noise and high-resolution (lambda /Delta lambda ~ 48 000)optical spectra of two RV Tauri stars RU Cen and SX Cen. With an [Fe/H]= -1.9 and a [Zn/Fe] = +0.9 for RU Cen and a [Fe/H] = -1.1 and a [Zn/Fe]= +0.6 for SX Cen, both stars of spectroscopic class B display strongdepletion of refractory elements in their photospheres. Our CORALIEradial velocity measurements prove the stars to be members of binarysystems and a detailed construction of the spectral energy distributionindicate the presence of a large amount of hot circumstellar dust.Moreover, the orbital period of SX Cen of around 600 days is similar tothe published period of mean magnitude variation in the light curve (RVTauri phomometric class b phenomenon). All these observations indicatethe presence of a stable circumbinary disk in the objects and strengthenthe model that this is a necessary condition for the depletion processto take place. Based on observations collected at the European SouthernObservatory in Chile (64.L-0117(A), 67.D-0054(A)), on the 1.2 m SwissEuler telescope on La Silla and on the 70 cm Swiss photometric telescopealso on La Silla.
| Stars with the Largest Hipparcos Photometric Amplitudes
A list of the 2027 stars that have the largest photometric amplitudes inHipparcos Photometry shows that most variable stars are all Miras. Thepercentage of variable types change as a function of amplitude. Thiscompilation should also be of value to photometrists looking forrelatively unstudied, but large amplitude stars.
| Binary "Post-AGB" Stars
Not Available
| Galactic Cepheids. Catalogue of light-curve parameters and distances
We report a new version of the catalogue of distances and light-curveparameters for Galactic classical Cepheids. The catalogue listsamplitudes, magnitudes at maximum light, and intensity means for 455stars in BVRI filters of the Johnson system and (RI)_C filters of theCron-Cousins system. The distances are based on our new multicolour setof PL relations and on our Cepheid-based solution for interstellarextinction law parameters and are referred to an LMC distance modulus of18.25. The catalogue is only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Abundance Analyses of Field RV Tauri Stars. V. DS Aquarii, UY Arae, TW Camelopardalis, BT Librae, U Monocerotis, TT Ophiuchi, R Scuti, and RV Tauri
Abundance analyses are presented and discussed for eight RV Taurivariables. The RVB star UY Ara shows the abundance anomalies seen inother RVB stars, namely, elements that condense into grains at hightemperature are underabundant, but elements of low condensationtemperature are much less underabundant. This pattern is ascribed to aseparation of dust from gas with accretion of gas but not dust by theatmosphere. Abundances for two RVC stars with earlier results for otherRVC stars show that these intrinsically metal-poor stars do not showeffects of dust-gas separation. Analyses of five RVA stars show thatthese cooler stars are very largely unaffected by dust-gas separation.It is proposed that the deeper convective envelope of cooler starsdilutes anomalies resulting from dust-gas separation. Possible sites fordust formation and dust-gas separation-the dusty wind off the RV Taurivariable or a dusty circumbinary disk-are reviewed and observationaltests suggested.
| I- and JHK-band photometry of classical Cepheids in the HIPPARCOS catalog
By correlating the \cite[Fernie et al. (1995)]{F95} electronic databaseon Cepheids with the ``resolved variable catalog'' of the hipparcosmission and the simbad catalog one finds that there are 280 Cepheids inthe hipparcos catalog. By removing W Vir stars (Type ii Cepheids),double-mode Cepheids, Cepheids with an unreliable solution in thehipparcos catalog, and stars without photometry, it turns out that thereare 248 classical Cepheids left, of which 32 are classified asfirst-overtone pulsators. For these stars the literature was searchedfor I-band and near-infrared data. Intensity-mean I-band photometry onthe Cousins system is derived for 189 stars, and intensity-mean JHK dataon the Carter system is presented for 69 stars.
| The RV\ Tauri phenomenon and binarity
We present accurate radial velocity measurements on the pulsatingextremely iron-deficient post-AGB object HD 52961 and the RV Tauri starEN TrA (HD 131356) proving them to be binaries. Our long-termphotometric monitoring campaign shows that the RV Tauri photometricclass ``b'' phenomenon in HD 52961 is due to variable circumstellarextinction during orbital motion. By comparing carefully theobservational characteristics of RV Tauri stars and the class ofextremely iron-deficient post-AGB objects we conclude that binarity is awidespread phenomenon in the RV Tauri class of objects. The observedchemical depletion patterns, weak circumstellar CO emission, peculiarspectral energy distribution and the difference in photospheric class ofthe RV Tauri objects can all be naturally explained by assuming that thecircumstellar material is not freely expanding, but trapped in thebinary system. Based on observations collected at the European SouthernObservatory (proposals codes 51.7-0052; 51.7-0053; 52.7-0048; 58.E-0462;59.E-0432; 61.E-0426); with the Swiss telescopes at ESO and OHP and theAPT telescope at Mt. Hopkins
| Classification and Identification of IRAS Sources with Low-Resolution Spectra
IRAS low-resolution spectra were extracted for 11,224 IRAS sources.These spectra were classified into astrophysical classes, based on thepresence of emission and absorption features and on the shape of thecontinuum. Counterparts of these IRAS sources in existing optical andinfrared catalogs are identified, and their optical spectral types arelisted if they are known. The correlations between thephotospheric/optical and circumstellar/infrared classification arediscussed.
| Atmospheric conditions in yellow and red variables
Pulsation occurs in late-type giant and supergiant stars under a widerange of atmospheric conditions and evolutionary stages. Longobservational baselines are necessary to distinguish pulsationbehaviors. Spectrographic and photometric observations of a variety oflate-type pulsators are considered in the context of light-curvetaxonomy and changing atmospheric conditions.
| Chemical composition of optically bright post-AGB stars.
We present a detailed LTE chemical analysis of 10 optically brightF-type post-AGB objects on the basis of the analysis of high-resolutionoptical spectra and compare the results with similar objects discussedin the literature. The iron content is low on average, and so confirmsthe old and hence low-mass nature of the supergiants, with a noticableexception of HD 95767. We emphasize the fact that the chemical patternsobserved are very diverse : several different classes can bedistinguished. Only a minor fraction of the objects are conform tostandard post third dredge-up theory. Only in HD 187885 (Van Winckel etal., 1996A&A...306L..37V), HD 56126 (Klochkova, 1995MNRAS.272..710K)and HD 158616 (this paper) is there conclusive chemical evidence thatthey occur in a post-AGB evolutionary phase : a high total CNOabundance, for HD 187885 a supersolar He content and-above all-a largeoverabundance of s-process elements. The other objects, together withother well studied high galactic latitude F-supergiants, display nos-process enhancement but even depletion in some cases. The high Nabondance and the mildly enhanced total CNO abundance indicate that theatmospheres of these objects contain a mixture of CNO-cycled materialand He-burning products. For some sources, however, this enhancement ofthe total CNO abundance is barely significant. HD 107369, the onlyobject in our sample with neither Hα emission nor observed IRexcess, displays also unique chemical patterns among our sample stars (aC deficiency coupled with a moderate Fe depletion of [Fe/H]=-1.1). Thisstar is the only object in our sample showing similar chemical patternsto the metal poor B stars at high galactic latitude (Conlon et al.,1993, in ASP Conf. Ser., Vol. 45, p. 146). Our chemical analysis doestherefore not point to an evolutionary connection between the dustyhigh-latitude supergiants and the metal-poor B stars, but rathersuggests that the latter evolve from stars such as HD 107369.
| Colour excesses of F-G supergiants and Cepheids from Geneva photometry.
A reddening scale for F-G supergiants and Cepheids is presented.Supergiants with low reddenings or in clusters form the basis of thecalibration. In this sense, it is entirely empirical. The data have beenobtained in the Geneva photometric system. Comparisons with otherreddening scales show no disagreement. The only problem is with Fernie'sscale for Cepheids (1990), where a systematic trend exists. Its originis not clear. It is suggested to extend the number of supergiants withindependently obtained colour excesses in order to test the existence ofa possible luminosity dependence of the calibration. A period-colourrelation for Cepheids is deduced, on the basis of the present reddeningcorrections. It gives strong support for V473 Lyr being a secondovertone pulsator.
| Photoelectric Ubvri/c Photometry of Southern Cepheids
Not Available
| The mass loss history of high latitude supergiants
A sample of 25 high latitude supergiants with spectral types B-G weresurveyed in the (C-12)O J = 1-0 and J = 2-1 lines using the Swedish ESOSubmillimeter Telescope (SEST). Twenty percent of the sources weredetected. For the analysis an additional six sources were added forwhich CO observations are reported in the literature. The majority ofthe detected sources have post-AGB mass loss rates and expansionvelocities that confirm earlier suggestions that these stars, despitetheir supergiant-like spectra, are in fact low mass post-AGB stars(Trams et al. 1989). The nondetections and their systematic lower 60micron fluxes can be explained assuming that they are low mass post-AGBstars, whose remnant AGB shells are significantly diluted and which areevolving rather slowly to higher temperatures.
| SAO stars with infrared excess in the IRAS Point Source Catalog
We have undertaken a search for SAO stars with infrared excess in theIRAS Point Source Catalog. In contrast to previous searches, the entireIRAS (12)-(25)-(60) color-color diagram was used. This selection yieldeda sample of 462 stars, of which a significant number are stars withcircumstellar material. The stars selected can be identified aspre-main-sequence stars, Be stars, protoplanetary systems, post-AGBstars, etc. A number of objects are (visual) binary stars.Characteristic temperatures and IR excesses are calculated and theirrelations to spectral type are investigated.
| An Einstein Observatory SAO-based catalog of B-type stars
About 4000 X-ray images obtained with the Einstein Observatory are usedto measure the 0.16-4.0 keV emission from 1545 B-type SAO stars fallingin the about 10 percent of the sky surveyed with the IPC. Seventy-fourdetected X-ray sources with B-type stars are identified, and it isestimated that no more than 15 can be misidentified. Upper limits to theX-ray emission of the remaining stars are presented. In addition tosummarizing the X-ray measurements and giving other relevant opticaldata, the present extensive catalog discusses the reduction process andanalyzes selection effects associated with both SAO catalog completenessand IPC target selection procedures. It is concluded that X-rayemission, at the level of Lx not less than 10 exp 30 ergs/s, is quitecommon in B stars of early spectral types (B0-B3), regardless ofluminosity class, but that emission, at the same level, becomes lesscommon, or nonexistent, in later B-type stars.
| The calibration of the Stromgren photometric system for A, F and early G supergiants. I - The observational data
An empirical calibration of the Stromgren uvby-beta photometric systemfor the A, F, and early G supergiants is being derived. This paperexplains the observational program and the photometric reductiontechniques used and presents a catalog of new Stromgren photometry forover 600 A, F, and G supergiants.
| Color Excesses on a Uniform Scale for 328 Cepheids
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1990ApJS...72..153F&db_key=AST
| Some Errors Detected in Three Catalogues
Not Available
| Miscellaneous photoelectric UBV observations
Photoelectric UBV observations of 53 objects, including galaxies,globular clusters, standard stars, and variable objects, are presented.The present data were collected at the 5-m Hale, 4-m KPNO, 1.5-m CTIO,and 0.9-m CTIO telescopes. It is noted that since many of the presententries represent single observations, the possibiity of error isgreater than it would be for the case of such observations being part ofa large observing program.
| Detection of Cepheid variables by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite
Using the IRAS Point-Source Catalog (PSC) as a data base, midand far-IRemission near Cepheids were searched for. Of the more than 700 Cepheidvariables listed in the General Catalogue of Variable Stars, sixty-eightconfirmed detections have been made in the PSC. The vast majority ofCepheids detected are bright, nearby classical Cepheids, whose IR fluxis simply that produced by the stellar photosphere. For those Cepheidsthat show IR excesses, it is speculated that the excesses are caused bythermal emission from dust formed by mass loss. The results arediscussed in the framework of simple mass-loss models for stars withmasses comparable to Cepheid variables.
| Pseudocepheids. III - The low-mass stars
Light and color curves in four-color, H-beta, and (RI) photometricsystems are presented for 20 low-mass pseudocepheids. Members of theWolf 630 group and the cluster M67 are used to establish the positionsof both variable and nonvariable giants with near solar abundance in theluminosity-temperature plane for old disk population stars, whilemembers of Omega Cen and of Kapteyn's Star Group are used for the lowmetal abundance halo giants. The low-mass pseudocepheids discussed aredivided into two main categories, based on the amplitude of lightvariation. The smaller amplitude stars, characterized by R CrB and RYSgr in the old disk population, show the R CrB syndrome of occasionaldeep light minima, as does UW Cen. The small amplitude variables in thehalo population, BL Tel and LN Hya, do not show the R CrB syndrome andtheir periods are longer than those of old disk stars. Large amplitudevariables, with periods ranging from 10 to 150 days, are all haloobjects with stability of period and form of light curve an obviousfunction of the period. Cen and BL Tel are members of Kapteyn's StarGroup, and the spectroscopic orbital elements of the latter indicate amass near 0.5 solar mass for the pseudocepheid and 1 solar mass for thelate-type giant companion. Far-infrared observations are important inexploring the correlations between the presence and character ofcircumstellar dust shells and other post-AGB star parameters.
| Circumstellar material and the light variations of RV Tauri stars
Infrared photometry on the JHKL system is given for 35 stars of the RVTauri and related types. The RV Tauri stars show infrared excessesindicating the presence of circumstellar dust with a temperature ofabout 900 K. These dust shells can be equally prominent in oxygen-richor carbon-rich stars; the high carbon content of the latter appears tocounteract the inhibiting effect of their generally lower metalabundance in promoting dust formation. The wide range of energydistributions of RV Tauri stars is attributed in part to differences inthe radial distribution of dust. The RVb stars (whose mean light variescyclically) are redder than the RVa stars (which have constant meanlight), indicating that their dust shells are denser (especially in theinner regions, which radiate strongly in the 1-3 micron band).Far-infrared data reveal cooler dust around some of the stars of groupa. Three W Virginis stars, two of which were already known to showaffinities to the RV Tauri stars, have dust shells. The dust shells forwhich IRAS infrared spectra are available show the 10-micron silicateemission feature regardless of whether the optical spectra are carbon-or oxygen-rich. Some considerations regarding possible models are given.A comparison with the R Coronae Borealis variables has revealedsimilarities.
| The Catalogue of Distances and Light Absorption for Cepheids
Not Available
| The structure of the Cepheid instability strip
The properties of Cepheids in the Galaxy, LMC, and SMC are analyzed tocompare them with theoretical models. The PLC relationships of the LMCand SMC agree with theoretically derived PLC relationships when fittingof data is done by the maximum likelihood method. Differences in the tworelationships can be ascribed to abundance differences. Empirical blueedges in the period-color plane agree with models for log P not greaterthan 1.1, but have significantly steeper slopes at longer periods; theredoes not seem to be any satisfactory explanation of this.
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Südliches Dreieck |
| Right ascension: | 14h57m00.68s |
| Declination: | -68°50'22.9" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 8.695 |
| Distance: | 10000000 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | -4.4 |
| Proper motion Dec: | -0.6 |
| B-T magnitude: | 9.596 |
| V-T magnitude: | 8.77 |
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