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A Search for High-Velocity Be Stars
We present an analysis of the kinematics of Be stars based uponHipparcos proper motions and published radial velocities. We findapproximately 23 of the 344 stars in our sample have peculiar spacemotions greater than 40 km s-1 and up to 102 kms-1. We argue that these high-velocity stars are the resultof either a supernova that disrupted a binary or ejection by closeencounters of binaries in young clusters. Be stars spun up by binarymass transfer will appear as high-velocity objects if there wassignificant mass loss during the supernova explosion of the initiallymore massive star, but the generally moderate peculiar velocities of BeX-ray binaries indicate that the progenitors lose most of their massprior to the supernova (in accordance with model predictions). Binaryformation models for Be stars predict that most systems bypass thesupernova stage (and do not receive runaway velocities) to createultimately Be+white dwarf binaries. The fraction of Be stars spun up bybinary mass transfer remains unknown, since the post-mass transfercompanions are difficult to detect.
| A representative sample of Be stars III: H band spectroscopy
We present H band (1.53 mu m-1.69 mu m) spectra of 57 isolated Be starsof spectral types O9-B9 and luminosity classes III, IV & V. The H iBrackett (n-4) series is seen in emission from Br-11-18, and Fe iiemission is also apparent for a subset of those stars with H i emission.No emission from species with a higher excitation temperature, such asHe ii or C iii is seen, and no forbidden line emission is present. Asubset of 12 stars show no evidence for emission from any species; thesestars appear indistinguishable from normal B stars of a comparablespectral type. In general the line ratios constructed from thetransitions in the range Br-11-18 do not fit case B recombination theoryparticularly well. Strong correlations between the line ratios withBr-gamma and spectral type are found. These results most likelyrepresent systematic variations in the temperature and ionization of thecircumstellar disc with spectral type. Weak correlations between theline widths and projected rotational velocity of the stars are observed;however no systematic trend for increasing line width through theBrackett series is observed.
| A representative sample of Be stars. IV. Infrared photometry and the continuum excess
We present infra-red (JHK) photometry of 52 isolated Be\ stars ofspectral types O9-B9 and luminosity classes III-V. We describe a newmethod of reduction, enabling separation of interstellar reddening andcircumstellar excess. Using this technique we find that the discemission makes a maximum contribution to the optical (B-V) colour of afew tenths of a magnitude. We find strong correlations between a rangeof emission lines (Hα , Brgamma , Br11, and Br18) from the Bestars' discs, and the circumstellar continuum excesses. We also findthat stellar rotation and disc excess are correlated.
| Statistical analysis of intrinsic polarization, IR excess and projected rotational velocity distributions of classical Be stars
We present the results of statistical analyses of a sample of 627 Bestars. The parameters of intrinsic polarization (p*),projected rotational velocity (v sin i), and near IR excesses have beeninvestigated. The values of p* have been estimated for a muchlarger and more representative sample of Be stars (~490 objects) thanpreviously. We have confirmed that most Be stars of early spectral typehave statistically larger values of polarization and IR excesses incomparison with the late spectral type stars. It is found that thedistributions of p* diverge considerably for the differentspectral subgroups. In contrast to late spectral types (B5-B9.5), thedistribution of p* for B0-B2 stars does not peak at the valuep*=0%. Statistically significant differences in the meanprojected rotational velocities (/line{vsin i}) are found for differentspectral subgroups of Be stars in the sense that late spectral typestars (V luminosity class) generally rotate faster than early types, inagreement with previously published results. This behaviour is, however,not obvious for the III-IV luminosity class stars. Nevertheless, thecalculated values of the ratio vt/vc of the truerotational velocity, vt, to the critical velocity forbreak-up, vc, is larger for late spectral type stars of allluminosity classes. Thus, late spectral type stars appear to rotatecloser to their break-up rotational velocity. The distribution of nearIR excesses for early spectral subgroups is bi-modal, the position ofthe second peak displaying a maximum value E(V-L)~ 1 . m 3for O-B1.5 stars, decreasing to E(V-L)~0. m8 for intermediatespectral types (B3-B5). It is shown that bi-modality disappears for latespectral types (B6-B9.5). No correlations were found betweenp* and near IR excesses and between E(V-L) and vsin i for thedifferent subgroups of Be stars. In contrast to near IR excesses, arelation between p* and far IR excesses at 12 mu m is clearlyseen. A clear relation between p* and vsin i (as well asbetween p* and /line{vsin i}/vc) is found by thefact that plots of these parameters are bounded by a ``triangular"distribution of p*: vsin i, with a decrease of p*towards very small and very large vsin i (and /line{vsini}/vc) values. The latter behaviour can be understood in thecontext of a larger oblateness of circumstellar disks for the stars witha rapid rotation. From the analysis of correlations between differentobservational parameters we conclude that circumstellar envelopes forthe majority of Be stars are optically thin disks with the range of thehalf-opening angle of 10degr
| On the origin of the O and B-type stars with high velocities. II. Runaway stars and pulsars ejected from the nearby young stellar groups
We use milli-arcsecond accuracy astrometry (proper motions andparallaxes) from Hipparcos and from radio observations to retrace theorbits of 56 runaway stars and nine compact objects with distances lessthan 700 pc, to identify the parent stellar group. It is possible todeduce the specific formation scenario with near certainty for twocases. (i) We find that the runaway star zeta Ophiuchi and the pulsarPSR J1932+1059 originated about 1 Myr ago in a supernova explosion in abinary in the Upper Scorpius subgroup of the Sco OB2 association. Thepulsar received a kick velocity of ~ 350 km s-1 in thisevent, which dissociated the binary, and gave zeta Oph its large spacevelocity. (ii) Blaauw & Morgan and Gies & Bolton alreadypostulated a common origin for the runaway-pair AE Aur and mu Col,possibly involving the massive highly-eccentric binary iota Ori, basedon their equal and opposite velocities. We demonstrate that these threeobjects indeed occupied a very small volume ~ 2.5 Myr ago, and show thatthey were ejected from the nascent Trapezium cluster. We identify theparent group for two more pulsars: both likely originate in the ~ 50 Myrold association Per OB3, which contains the open cluster alpha Persei.At least 21 of the 56 runaway stars in our sample can be linked to thenearby associations and young open clusters. These include the classicalrunaways 53 Arietis (Ori OB1), xi Persei (Per OB2), and lambda Cephei(Cep OB3), and fifteen new identifications, amongst which a pair ofstars running away in opposite directions from the region containing thelambda Ori cluster. Other currently nearby runaways and pulsarsoriginated beyond 700 pc, where our knowledge of the parent groups isvery incomplete.
| A representative sample of Be stars. II. K band spectroscopy
We present K band (2.05 mu m - 2.22 mu m) spectra of 66 isolated Bestars of spectral types O9-B9 and luminosity classes III, IV & V. Wefind that objects with He i features either in emission or absorptionare B3 or earlier. Objects with Mg ii emission but no He i are B2 to B4,while objects with Brgamma emission but no evidence of He i or Mg ii areB5 or later. Na i emission in the spectra of 4 objects appears toindicate that regions of the circumstellar envelopes of these stars mustbe shielded from direct stellar radiation. Systematic trends in the linestrength and profile of Brgamma are seen from early to late spectraltypes which can be understood in terms of differences in the disctemperature and density. 30 percent of the stars do not currently showevidence for line emission. Compared to the emission line stars theseobjects have a significantly lower mean rotational velocity and adistribution of spectral types that is significantly earlier. This canbe explained either as the original misidentification of these objectsas Be stars (i.e. they never had line emission), or as evidence thatstars with lower rotational velocities may be more prone to changesbetween the Be and B phases.
| The 74th Special Name-list of Variable Stars
We present the Name-list introducing GCVS names for 3153 variable starsdiscovered by the Hipparcos mission.
| A representative sample of Be stars . I. Sample selection, spectral classification and rotational velocities
We present a sample of 58 Be stars containing objects of spectral typesO9 to B8.5 and luminosity classes III to V. We have obtained 3670 - 5070Angstroms spectra of the sample which are used to derive spectral typesand rotational velocities. We discuss the distribution of spectral typesand rotational velocities obtained and conclude that there are nosignificant selection effects in our sample.
| Radio HI and optical absorption-line spectra of an intermediate-velocity cloud in the general direction of the M15 globular cluster
Using HI spectra obtained with the Lovell telescope (FWHM ~ 12 arcmin)we present maps showing the HI distribution and velocity structure of anintermediate-velocity cloud (IVC; v_LSR~70 km s^-1) which is observed inthe general direction of the globular cluster M15. The gas is shown tobe clumpy in nature and we examine its position and velocity structure.The IVC is detected in absorption in the CaII K line towards fivecluster stars in intermediate resolution spectra obtained with ISIS/WHTand in high resolution UES/WHT NaI D line spectra of two cluster stars(II-75; IV-38). The clumpy nature of the gas is indicated by the NaI andKI spectra obtained in the II-75 and IV-38 sightlines, which haveangular separation ~ 3.5 arcmin. The IVC is detected in KI in the highercolumn density II-75 sightline; this appears to be the first detectionof IVC or HVC gas in KI. The IVC gas towards M15 has a similar velocityto that observed towards HD 203664, some 3.1 deg away from the cluster.Similarities in the IVC gas velocity suggest a gas structure thatextends across both sightlines, although gas column densities areconsiderably higher towards M15. For a common feature, this would placethe M15 IVC at a height above the Galactic plane (z-distance) of<~1.5 kpc based on the Little et al. estimate of the HD 203664distance. From the fine-scale structure and column density observations,estimates are made of the space density of the small-scaleconcentrations. However, these remain uncertain and the presentobservations emphasize the need for higher spatial and spectralresolution studies to provide firmer estimates of cloud properties. Wereport also on a radio HI and CaII line survey towards a sample of 24stars over a wider field. This was carried out in an attempt to detectany wider distribution of the IVC gas and to place better limits on itsdistance. Although these observations are of sufficient spectralquality, no new optical detections are reported.
| Spectral reclassification of some Be stars using Delta-Q method
The way in which the new defined value Delta-Q can play a role in thespectral reclassification of Be stars is shown by means of aninvestigation of 56 Be stars. A general survey carried out in order toobtain spectral subclasses or U, B, V values for these stars ispresented. The suggested Delta-Q method was found to be very helpful inchoosing the correct spectral subclass from among many subclassesassigned for the same star, and hence, the reclassification for thisstar.
| Catalog of O-B stars observed with Tokyo Meridian Circle
A catalog of the O-B stars, selected from 'Blaauw-Parenago' list andRubin's catalog, has been compiled on the FK4 system by the observationsmade with Gautier 8-inch Meridian Circle at the Tokyo AstronomicalObservatory during the period, 1971 to 1979. It contains 1059 stars andwas compiled for the future establishment of high precision propermotions of O-B stars.
| The S201 far-ultraviolet imaging survey. II - A field in Cygnus
Far-ultraviolet imagery of a region in Cygnus, a 20 deg diameter fieldcentered near (1950) R. A. 21 h 31.2 m decl. +37 deg 25 arcmin, wasobtained by the S201 far-ultraviolet camera during the Apollo 16mission. In a 10 minute exposure covering the 1250-1600 A wavelengthrange (effective wavelength 1400 A), 730 star images can be detected,corresponding to a limiting ultraviolet magnitude of about m (1400) =10. Assuming nominal interstellar extinction values in this region nearthe galactic plane, this result corresponds to the detection of A0 Vstars to a distance of 300 pc and of B0 V stars to 1500 pc.Uncertainties in spectral classification and interstellar extinction forindividual objects are probably more significant than calibration ormeasurement errors. Most of the objects detected are identified withstars in the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory Star Catalog (1966),or the Catalog of Stellar Identifications (1979) or both, but 87 objectsremain unidentified (or are identified with late-type stars).
| Spectral Classifications of 239 Early-Type Stars
Not Available
| Catalogue d'etoiles O et B.
Not Available
| Spectroscopic absolute magnitudes of 571 B stars.
Not Available
| Troisième catalogue de l'Observatoire de Besançon comprenant 764 étoiles réduites à 1950, 0 sans mouvement propre et 326 étoiles FK3 pour l'époque moyenne d'observation
Not Available
| Die galaktischen Emissions-B-Sterne : (Spectralklassifikation, Photometrie, Entwicklung und Verteilung in der Milchstraszenebene)
Not Available
| Some spectroscopic observations of the supergiants 67 Ophiuchi, 55 Cygni and chi 2 Orionis.
Not Available
| A Spectroscopic and Photometric Study of the be Stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1958ApJ...128..207M&db_key=AST
| Supplement to the Mount Wilson Catalogue and Bibliography of Stars of Classes B and a whose Spectra have Bright Hydrogen Lines.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1943ApJ....98..153M&db_key=AST
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Schwan |
| Right ascension: | 21h35m44.48s |
| Declination: | +29°44'43.9" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 8.161 |
| Distance: | 549.451 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | -0.7 |
| Proper motion Dec: | -10.4 |
| B-T magnitude: | 8.132 |
| V-T magnitude: | 8.159 |
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