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The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of 14 000 F and G dwarfs
We present and discuss new determinations of metallicity, rotation, age,kinematics, and Galactic orbits for a complete, magnitude-limited, andkinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F and G dwarf stars. Our63 000 new, accurate radial-velocity observations for nearly 13 500stars allow identification of most of the binary stars in the sampleand, together with published uvbyβ photometry, Hipparcosparallaxes, Tycho-2 proper motions, and a few earlier radial velocities,complete the kinematic information for 14 139 stars. These high-qualityvelocity data are supplemented by effective temperatures andmetallicities newly derived from recent and/or revised calibrations. Theremaining stars either lack Hipparcos data or have fast rotation. Amajor effort has been devoted to the determination of new isochrone agesfor all stars for which this is possible. Particular attention has beengiven to a realistic treatment of statistical biases and errorestimates, as standard techniques tend to underestimate these effectsand introduce spurious features in the age distributions. Our ages agreewell with those by Edvardsson et al. (\cite{edv93}), despite severalastrophysical and computational improvements since then. We demonstrate,however, how strong observational and theoretical biases cause thedistribution of the observed ages to be very different from that of thetrue age distribution of the sample. Among the many basic relations ofthe Galactic disk that can be reinvestigated from the data presentedhere, we revisit the metallicity distribution of the G dwarfs and theage-metallicity, age-velocity, and metallicity-velocity relations of theSolar neighbourhood. Our first results confirm the lack of metal-poor Gdwarfs relative to closed-box model predictions (the ``G dwarfproblem''), the existence of radial metallicity gradients in the disk,the small change in mean metallicity of the thin disk since itsformation and the substantial scatter in metallicity at all ages, andthe continuing kinematic heating of the thin disk with an efficiencyconsistent with that expected for a combination of spiral arms and giantmolecular clouds. Distinct features in the distribution of the Vcomponent of the space motion are extended in age and metallicity,corresponding to the effects of stochastic spiral waves rather thanclassical moving groups, and may complicate the identification ofthick-disk stars from kinematic criteria. More advanced analyses of thisrich material will require careful simulations of the selection criteriafor the sample and the distribution of observational errors.Based on observations made with the Danish 1.5-m telescope at ESO, LaSilla, Chile, and with the Swiss 1-m telescope at Observatoire deHaute-Provence, France.Complete Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/418/989
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| Photoelectric observations of CPM stars in the BVRI system
A photometric program to estimate the frequency of close unresolvedcompanions in visual binary systems has been developed. The sensitivityof the detection depends on the accuracy of the differential photometricmeasurements of binary components. Unresolved companions up to sevenmagnitudes fainter than the primary are detectable in the BVRIphotometric systems.
| Common proper motion stars in the AGK 3
A search was made of common-proper-motion (CPM) systems among AGK 3stars. The selection of physical systems was based upon the ratiobetween the angular separation (rho) and the proper motion (mu); the CPMstars found are presented in two tables. Table I lists systems withrho/mu less than 1000 years. It contains 326 entries, and the proportionof optical pairs is estimated to be 1 percent. Table II lists systemswith rho/mu in the range 1000 to 3500 years; it contains 113 systems,but only 60 percent of them are physical. Nevertheless, these systemsoften have separations larger than 10,000 AU and are the mostinteresting for the study of the tail of the distribution function ofthe semimajor axes.
| Differential population synthesis of early-type galaxies. I - Spectrophotometric atlas of synthesis standard spectra
Continuous spectrophotometry has been obtained for 200 objects at aresolution of 10-17 A over the wavelength region 3600-10,000 A.Kron-Cousins BVRI colors are computed from the spectra and compared withpublished photoelectric photometry. The (V - R)C color index is used togroup the individual observations to form synthesis standard spectra for48 common spectral types. The standard groups include a solar abundancesequence of most spectral types and luminosity classes, metal-rich andmetal weak G - K giant-branch sequences, and horizontal-branch giants.The variations with color, luminosity, and metallicity of severalprominent line strengths are discussed. The spectral atlas is availableas a FITS magnetic tape.
| Preliminary UVBY calibrations for G and K type dwarf stars
Four-color uvby photometry for several hundred late-type dwarf stars oftypes G, K and M is discussed. Mean values of photometric indices aregiven for MK spectral types between F8/G0V and M2V. Preliminary standardrelations between the four-color indices are derived. Based onparallaxes and results from high-dispersion spectroscopic analyses,calibrations of the observed indices in terms of Mv, log Te and Fe/Hhave been derived. The means errors are 0.29 mag, 0.009 dex, and 0.17dex, respectively. The calibrations are valid for class-V stars of allpopulations between G0 and M2. If extreme population-II dwarfs areexcluded, the mean error of the abundance calibration decreases to 0.13dex. Calibrations in terms of log g have been attempted,, but the lowaccuracy of the spectroscopic g determinations does not inspireconfidence in the results. The possible contribution of a'fourth-parameter' variation to the mean errors of the calibrations isbriefly discussed. This fourth parameter could be the intrinsic heliumabundance of the stars.
| A photometric search for halo binaries. I - New observatinal data. II - Results
Carney (1982) has reported JHK photometry for 76 Hyades dwarfs. Inconnection with the present investigation, results of similarobservations of field halo stars are provided along with some uvbyphotometry. In addition, older spectrophotometric and photometric dataused previously for temperature determinations have been collected. Theinfrared and uvby data were obtained primarily with the objective ofidentifying binaries with dissimilar components among a sample of fieldhalo dwarfs by comparing metallicity insensitive blue and infraredcolors. Attention is given to 111 spectrophotometric scans of 89 stars,67 uvby measures of 41 stars, 127 UBV measures of 87 stars, 147 (RI)Jmeasures of 127 stars, 8 JHK measures of eight stars in the 'HCO'system, and 212 JHK measures of 137 stars in the 'CIT' system. Themajority of these stars are dwarfs, and most of them are metal poor. Theresults of a search for binaries in 71 halo dwarf stars are alsopresented, taking into account a few other dwarfs of special interest.
| Estimation of spectral classifications for bright northern stars with interesting Stromgren indices
The purpose of this investigation is to provide spectroscopic observerswith finding lists of potentially interesting objects. From anunpublished UVBY catalogue of 7026 northern stars (mostly brighter than8.3m) 1094 objects with interesting combinations of UVBY indices havebeen selected. Most stars with post-HD classifications have beenexcluded, as well as late F dwarfs belonging to the intermediatepopulation II. For the 792 remaining stars estimated spectralclassifications are given. The techniques and experience from a previouspaper dealing with southern stars have been utilized here. Among thepredicted spectral classifications are 40 OB stars; 262 Ap, Am, or Fmstars; 16 supergiants of types A to G; 110 bright giants of types A to K(class II); 156 double stars or objects with composite spectra; 26 lateF dwarfs; 91 weak-lined dwarf and giant stars of types F to K, includingearly F-type population II field blue stragglers; and a few possiblefield horizontal branch stars, lambda Bootis-type stars, and late-typehalo giants.
| Southern subdwarf photometry
UBV photometry and normalized UV excesses are reported for 176 southernmetal-poor stars selected from the objective-prism survey of Bidelmanand MacConnell (1973) as well as 49 other metal-deficient starsidentified in other surveys. Photometry is also presented for 32 otherstars lying near the 225 program stars (although not explicitlyidentified as such in the text, the program stars are apparentlysubdwarfs and subdwarf candidates). Previously determined spectral typesand degrees of line weakening are given for the 225 stars, andmetallicities are estimated on the basis of the degrees of lineweakening. It is noted that 33 F and G stars with extreme meannormalized UV excesses of approximately 0.22 mag have a mean Fe/H valueof -1.4 and probably represent halo subdwarfs, while 82 F and G starswith moderate UV excesses are mostly old disk stars.
| Studies of visual double stars. I.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1968AJ.....73..350M&db_key=AST
| Red and Infrared Photometry of Double Stars
Not Available
| Three-color photometry of the components in 228 wide double and multiple systems.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1963AJ.....68..483E&db_key=AST
| Photometric parallaxes and the mass-luminosity relation.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1956AJ.....61..361E&db_key=AST
| Photoelectric Observations of Visual Double Stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1953ApJ...117..361J&db_key=AST
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Observation and Astrometry data
| Constellation: | Schlangenträger |
| Right ascension: | 17h34m48.53s |
| Declination: | +06°01'25.9" |
| Apparent magnitude: | 7.408 |
| Distance: | 74.239 parsecs |
| Proper motion RA: | 16.4 |
| Proper motion Dec: | -69.6 |
| B-T magnitude: | 8.023 |
| V-T magnitude: | 7.459 |
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