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The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the solar neighbourhood. III. Improved distances, ages, and kinematics
Context: Ages, chemical compositions, velocity vectors, and Galacticorbits for stars in the solar neighbourhood are fundamental test datafor models of Galactic evolution. The Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of theSolar Neighbourhood (Nordström et al. 2004; GCS), amagnitude-complete, kinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F andG dwarfs, is the largest available sample with complete data for starswith ages spanning that of the disk. Aims: We aim to improve theaccuracy of the GCS data by implementing the recent revision of theHipparcos parallaxes. Methods: The new parallaxes yield improvedastrometric distances for 12 506 stars in the GCS. We also use theparallaxes to verify the distance calibration for uvby? photometryby Holmberg et al. (2007, A&A, 475, 519; GCS II). We add newselection criteria to exclude evolved cool stars giving unreliableresults and derive distances for 3580 stars with large parallax errorsor not observed by Hipparcos. We also check the GCS II scales of T_effand [Fe/H] and find no need for change. Results: Introducing thenew distances, we recompute MV for 16 086 stars, and U, V, W,and Galactic orbital parameters for the 13 520 stars that also haveradial-velocity measurements. We also recompute stellar ages from thePadova stellar evolution models used in GCS I-II, using the new valuesof M_V, and compare them with ages from the Yale-Yonsei andVictoria-Regina models. Finally, we compare the observed age-velocityrelation in W with three simulated disk heating scenarios to show thepotential of the data. Conclusions: With these revisions, thebasic data for the GCS stars should now be as reliable as is possiblewith existing techniques. Further improvement must await consolidationof the T_eff scale from angular diameters and fluxes, and the Gaiatrigonometric parallaxes. We discuss the conditions for improvingcomputed stellar ages from new input data, and for distinguishingdifferent disk heating scenarios from data sets of the size andprecision of the GCS.Full Table 1 is only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/501/941
| Pulkovo compilation of radial velocities for 35495 stars in a common system.
Not Available
| The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of 14 000 F and G dwarfs
We present and discuss new determinations of metallicity, rotation, age,kinematics, and Galactic orbits for a complete, magnitude-limited, andkinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F and G dwarf stars. Our63 000 new, accurate radial-velocity observations for nearly 13 500stars allow identification of most of the binary stars in the sampleand, together with published uvbyβ photometry, Hipparcosparallaxes, Tycho-2 proper motions, and a few earlier radial velocities,complete the kinematic information for 14 139 stars. These high-qualityvelocity data are supplemented by effective temperatures andmetallicities newly derived from recent and/or revised calibrations. Theremaining stars either lack Hipparcos data or have fast rotation. Amajor effort has been devoted to the determination of new isochrone agesfor all stars for which this is possible. Particular attention has beengiven to a realistic treatment of statistical biases and errorestimates, as standard techniques tend to underestimate these effectsand introduce spurious features in the age distributions. Our ages agreewell with those by Edvardsson et al. (\cite{edv93}), despite severalastrophysical and computational improvements since then. We demonstrate,however, how strong observational and theoretical biases cause thedistribution of the observed ages to be very different from that of thetrue age distribution of the sample. Among the many basic relations ofthe Galactic disk that can be reinvestigated from the data presentedhere, we revisit the metallicity distribution of the G dwarfs and theage-metallicity, age-velocity, and metallicity-velocity relations of theSolar neighbourhood. Our first results confirm the lack of metal-poor Gdwarfs relative to closed-box model predictions (the ``G dwarfproblem''), the existence of radial metallicity gradients in the disk,the small change in mean metallicity of the thin disk since itsformation and the substantial scatter in metallicity at all ages, andthe continuing kinematic heating of the thin disk with an efficiencyconsistent with that expected for a combination of spiral arms and giantmolecular clouds. Distinct features in the distribution of the Vcomponent of the space motion are extended in age and metallicity,corresponding to the effects of stochastic spiral waves rather thanclassical moving groups, and may complicate the identification ofthick-disk stars from kinematic criteria. More advanced analyses of thisrich material will require careful simulations of the selection criteriafor the sample and the distribution of observational errors.Based on observations made with the Danish 1.5-m telescope at ESO, LaSilla, Chile, and with the Swiss 1-m telescope at Observatoire deHaute-Provence, France.Complete Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/418/989
| Multiple and variable X-ray sources in the globular clusters omega Cen, NGC 6397, NGC 6752, and Liller 1
We detect stars from the Hipparcos and Tycho Catalogues in the field ofview of observations with the ROSAT HRI of three globular clusters. Weuse the positions of these stars to reduce the systematic error in thepositions of X-ray sources in the clusters to ~ 2'' for omega Cen andNGC 6752, and 1'' for NGC 6397. We detect three X-ray sources in thecore of omega Cen, and four in the core of NGC 6752; the data for thecenter of NGC 6397 may be fitted with five or six sources. Outside thecores, but within the half-mass radius of the clusters, we detect twosources in omega Cen, one in NGC 6397 and two in NGC 6752; these may ormay not be cluster members. A ROSAT HRI observation of Liller 1 does notdetect a low-luminosity source, at a limit below a detection with ASCA.We discuss the nature of the low-luminosity X-ray sources in globularclusters in the light of these new results.
| ROSAT PSPC observations of globular clusters
We present deep pointed observations of nine globular clusters obtainedwith the Rosat position-sensitive proportional counter (PSPC). Theclusters observed were selected to be nearby, have low interstellarabsorption towards them, and to have high collision number. X-raysources are detected in the cores of seven of them, at luminosities ofapproximately 1 - 6 x 1032 erg/s. At least two of these aremultiple. The sources are too dim to obtain spectra of them, butanalysis of the X-ray colors indicates that their spectra are not allidentical. Four of the seven have colors indicating soft spectra, withblackbody temperature kappa T less than or approximately = 0.3 keV. Softspectra can be excluded for the other three sources.
| A large, complete, volume-limited sample of G-type dwarfs. I. Completion of Stroemgren UVBY photometry
Four-colour photometry of potential dwarf stars of types G0 to K2,selected from the Michigan Spectral Catalogues (Vol. 1-3), has beencarried out. The results are presented in a catalogue containing 4247uvby observations of 3900 stars, all south of δ = -26deg. Theoverall internal rms errors of one observation (transformed to thestandard system) of a program star in the interval 8.5 < V < 10.5are 0.0044, 0.0021, 0.0039, and 0.0059, respectively, in V, b-y, m_1_ ,and c_1_. The purpose of the catalogue, combined with earliercatalogues, is to allow selection of a large, complete, volume-limitedsample of G- and K-type dwarfs, investigate their metallicitydistribution, and compare it to predictions of various models ofgalactic chemical evolution. Future papers in this series will discussthese subjects.
| Discovery of multiple low-luminosity X-ray sources in NGC 6397
New low-luminosity X-ray sources have been discovered in NGC 6397 withthe ROSAT High Resolution Imager. These sources have a total number,spatial distribution, and X-ray luminosities consistent with their beingCVs. The findings supports the hypothesis that the low-luminosity X-raysources in clusters are generally dominated by CVs.
| A study of the magnitudes and colors of the globular cluster NGC 6397.
Not Available
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Osservazione e dati astrometrici
| Costellazione: | Altare |
| Ascensione retta: | 17h41m27.63s |
| Declinazione: | -53°48'10.8" |
| Magnitudine apparente: | 9.408 |
| Moto proprio RA: | -54.1 |
| Moto proprio Dec: | -34 |
| B-T magnitude: | 10.508 |
| V-T magnitude: | 9.499 |
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