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The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the solar neighbourhood. III. Improved distances, ages, and kinematics
Context: Ages, chemical compositions, velocity vectors, and Galacticorbits for stars in the solar neighbourhood are fundamental test datafor models of Galactic evolution. The Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of theSolar Neighbourhood (Nordström et al. 2004; GCS), amagnitude-complete, kinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F andG dwarfs, is the largest available sample with complete data for starswith ages spanning that of the disk. Aims: We aim to improve theaccuracy of the GCS data by implementing the recent revision of theHipparcos parallaxes. Methods: The new parallaxes yield improvedastrometric distances for 12 506 stars in the GCS. We also use theparallaxes to verify the distance calibration for uvby? photometryby Holmberg et al. (2007, A&A, 475, 519; GCS II). We add newselection criteria to exclude evolved cool stars giving unreliableresults and derive distances for 3580 stars with large parallax errorsor not observed by Hipparcos. We also check the GCS II scales of T_effand [Fe/H] and find no need for change. Results: Introducing thenew distances, we recompute MV for 16 086 stars, and U, V, W,and Galactic orbital parameters for the 13 520 stars that also haveradial-velocity measurements. We also recompute stellar ages from thePadova stellar evolution models used in GCS I-II, using the new valuesof M_V, and compare them with ages from the Yale-Yonsei andVictoria-Regina models. Finally, we compare the observed age-velocityrelation in W with three simulated disk heating scenarios to show thepotential of the data. Conclusions: With these revisions, thebasic data for the GCS stars should now be as reliable as is possiblewith existing techniques. Further improvement must await consolidationof the T_eff scale from angular diameters and fluxes, and the Gaiatrigonometric parallaxes. We discuss the conditions for improvingcomputed stellar ages from new input data, and for distinguishingdifferent disk heating scenarios from data sets of the size andprecision of the GCS.Full Table 1 is only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/501/941
| Pulkovo compilation of radial velocities for 35495 stars in a common system.
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| The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of 14 000 F and G dwarfs
We present and discuss new determinations of metallicity, rotation, age,kinematics, and Galactic orbits for a complete, magnitude-limited, andkinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F and G dwarf stars. Our63 000 new, accurate radial-velocity observations for nearly 13 500stars allow identification of most of the binary stars in the sampleand, together with published uvbyβ photometry, Hipparcosparallaxes, Tycho-2 proper motions, and a few earlier radial velocities,complete the kinematic information for 14 139 stars. These high-qualityvelocity data are supplemented by effective temperatures andmetallicities newly derived from recent and/or revised calibrations. Theremaining stars either lack Hipparcos data or have fast rotation. Amajor effort has been devoted to the determination of new isochrone agesfor all stars for which this is possible. Particular attention has beengiven to a realistic treatment of statistical biases and errorestimates, as standard techniques tend to underestimate these effectsand introduce spurious features in the age distributions. Our ages agreewell with those by Edvardsson et al. (\cite{edv93}), despite severalastrophysical and computational improvements since then. We demonstrate,however, how strong observational and theoretical biases cause thedistribution of the observed ages to be very different from that of thetrue age distribution of the sample. Among the many basic relations ofthe Galactic disk that can be reinvestigated from the data presentedhere, we revisit the metallicity distribution of the G dwarfs and theage-metallicity, age-velocity, and metallicity-velocity relations of theSolar neighbourhood. Our first results confirm the lack of metal-poor Gdwarfs relative to closed-box model predictions (the ``G dwarfproblem''), the existence of radial metallicity gradients in the disk,the small change in mean metallicity of the thin disk since itsformation and the substantial scatter in metallicity at all ages, andthe continuing kinematic heating of the thin disk with an efficiencyconsistent with that expected for a combination of spiral arms and giantmolecular clouds. Distinct features in the distribution of the Vcomponent of the space motion are extended in age and metallicity,corresponding to the effects of stochastic spiral waves rather thanclassical moving groups, and may complicate the identification ofthick-disk stars from kinematic criteria. More advanced analyses of thisrich material will require careful simulations of the selection criteriafor the sample and the distribution of observational errors.Based on observations made with the Danish 1.5-m telescope at ESO, LaSilla, Chile, and with the Swiss 1-m telescope at Observatoire deHaute-Provence, France.Complete Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/418/989
| Radio star catalogue observed in San Juan (RSSJ95)
Using the data observed in San Juan with the photoelectric AstrolabeMark II of the Beijing Astronomical Observatory from February, 1992 toMarch, 1997, the radio star catalogue in San Juan(RSSJ95) has beencompiled. There are 69 radio stars in this catalogue. The positions ofthe radio stars are for the epoch of observation and the equinox J2000.0and a system close to that of the system FK5. The mean precisions are+/-2.2 ms and +/-0.035'' in right ascensions and declinations,respectively. The magnitudes of stars are from 0.9 to 10.7. Thedeclinations are from -2fdg 5 to -60(deg) . The mean epoch is 1995.1.Finally, the comparison results between the Hipparcos catalogue andRSSJ95 are given.
| San Juan radio star catalogue and comparison with HIPPARCOS catalogue.
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| A large, complete, volume-limited sample of G-type dwarfs. I. Completion of Stroemgren UVBY photometry
Four-colour photometry of potential dwarf stars of types G0 to K2,selected from the Michigan Spectral Catalogues (Vol. 1-3), has beencarried out. The results are presented in a catalogue containing 4247uvby observations of 3900 stars, all south of δ = -26deg. Theoverall internal rms errors of one observation (transformed to thestandard system) of a program star in the interval 8.5 < V < 10.5are 0.0044, 0.0021, 0.0039, and 0.0059, respectively, in V, b-y, m_1_ ,and c_1_. The purpose of the catalogue, combined with earliercatalogues, is to allow selection of a large, complete, volume-limitedsample of G- and K-type dwarfs, investigate their metallicitydistribution, and compare it to predictions of various models ofgalactic chemical evolution. Future papers in this series will discussthese subjects.
| An astrometric catalogue of radio stars
The first part is presented of a radio star catalog encompassing 186objects whose selection was guided by the priority criteria of theHipparchos Input Catalogue Consortium. Since these criteria are wellsuited to the need for linkage of ground-based optical systems to radioreference frames, this first selection is also considered a suitablebase for the catalog. Seventeen categories of stellar parameters arefurnished for each of the stars, including optical and radio positions,optical and radio parallax, radial velocity, type of variability, andoptical structure.
| Optical positions of radiostars. II
Precise optical positions, relative to either the Perth 70 or the AGK3Rcatalogs, have been obtained for 40 radiostars proposed to the Hipparcosobserving list. Precision levels between 0.18 and 0.29 arcsecs wereobtained.
| A microwave survey of southern active stars
The results of a survey of 153 active-chromosphere stars made with theParkes 64-m telescope at 5.0/8.4 GHz from 1981 to 1987 are reported.Microwave emission was detected from 70 stars on at least one occasion,with the highest detection rate of 68 percent from the RS CVn group. TheCa II stars and Algol-type binaries yielded detection rates of 44 and 30percent, respectively. The maximum powers emitted by the stars at5.0/8.4 GHz ranged over five orders of magnitude, with a median of 2.5 x10 to the 10th W/Hz. The maximum brightness temperatures had a smallerrange of three orders of magnitude, with a median of 3.6 x 10 to the 9thK.
| The nature of the Yale Common Proper Motion groups of stars
Attention is given to a large group of approximately 90 stars, twogroups of 20-30 stars, and 12 groups of a few stars each, taken from DDOsystem image tube spectral classification and intermediate bandphotometry for the Yale Common Proper Motion groups of 180 southernstars. Spectroscopic and photometric analyses of these groups haveindicated a very scattered Pop I main sequence in their color-magnitudediagrams. Distance moduli of 5 or less were derived from the averagespectroscopic parallaxes, in keeping with the proper motion amplitude of0.1 arcsec/year. The main sequence of each group shows scatter whenplotted in an HR diagram, indicating that they are probably nothomogeneous groups of stars sharing common physical origins.
| An H-alpha survey of southern hemisphere active chromosphere stars
Because of the variety of extraordinary phenomena exhibited by activechromosphere objects, discovery of new, bright surface-active stars isof considerable importance. Ca II emission is a well-known signature ofchromospheric activity, serving even as one of the points of definitionof the class of RS CVn binary stars. In connection with the presentinvestigation, spectroscopic observations of 27 Ca II emission starshave been conducted. The observations make it possible to identifyunambiguously the most chromospherically active stars in the sample. Byobserving the H-alpha line, rather than H and K, it is possible todistinguish nine of these stars which are likely to be observationaltargets as interesting as the extremely surface active objects V711 Tauor FK Com. Of the 27 stars surveyed, two (HD 86005, HD 204128) showedH-alpha as an emission feature above continuum, with estimatedequivalent width 1-2 A.
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