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Local kinematics of K and M giants from CORAVEL/Hipparcos/Tycho-2 data. Revisiting the concept of superclusters
The availability of the Hipparcos Catalogue has triggered many kinematicand dynamical studies of the solar neighbourhood. Nevertheless, thosestudies generally lacked the third component of the space velocities,i.e., the radial velocities. This work presents the kinematic analysisof 5952 K and 739 M giants in the solar neighbourhood which includes forthe first time radial velocity data from a large survey performed withthe CORAVEL spectrovelocimeter. It also uses proper motions from theTycho-2 catalogue, which are expected to be more accurate than theHipparcos ones. An important by-product of this study is the observedfraction of only 5.7% of spectroscopic binaries among M giants ascompared to 13.7% for K giants. After excluding the binaries for whichno center-of-mass velocity could be estimated, 5311 K and 719 M giantsremain in the final sample. The UV-plane constructed from these datafor the stars with precise parallaxes (σπ/π≤20%) reveals a rich small-scale structure, with several clumpscorresponding to the Hercules stream, the Sirius moving group, and theHyades and Pleiades superclusters. A maximum-likelihood method, based ona Bayesian approach, has been applied to the data, in order to make fulluse of all the available stars (not only those with precise parallaxes)and to derive the kinematic properties of these subgroups. Isochrones inthe Hertzsprung-Russell diagram reveal a very wide range of ages forstars belonging to these groups. These groups are most probably relatedto the dynamical perturbation by transient spiral waves (as recentlymodelled by De Simone et al. \cite{Simone2004}) rather than to clusterremnants. A possible explanation for the presence of younggroup/clusters in the same area of the UV-plane is that they have beenput there by the spiral wave associated with their formation, while thekinematics of the older stars of our sample has also been disturbed bythe same wave. The emerging picture is thus one of dynamical streamspervading the solar neighbourhood and travelling in the Galaxy withsimilar space velocities. The term dynamical stream is more appropriatethan the traditional term supercluster since it involves stars ofdifferent ages, not born at the same place nor at the same time. Theposition of those streams in the UV-plane is responsible for the vertexdeviation of 16.2o ± 5.6o for the wholesample. Our study suggests that the vertex deviation for youngerpopulations could have the same dynamical origin. The underlyingvelocity ellipsoid, extracted by the maximum-likelihood method afterremoval of the streams, is not centered on the value commonly acceptedfor the radial antisolar motion: it is centered on < U > =-2.78±1.07 km s-1. However, the full data set(including the various streams) does yield the usual value for theradial solar motion, when properly accounting for the biases inherent tothis kind of analysis (namely, < U > = -10.25±0.15 kms-1). This discrepancy clearly raises the essential questionof how to derive the solar motion in the presence of dynamicalperturbations altering the kinematics of the solar neighbourhood: doesthere exist in the solar neighbourhood a subset of stars having no netradial motion which can be used as a reference against which to measurethe solar motion?Based on observations performed at the Swiss 1m-telescope at OHP,France, and on data from the ESA Hipparcos astrometry satellite.Full Table \ref{taba1} is only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/430/165}
| Long-term monitoring of active stars. V. UBV(RI)_ c_ photometry collected in Feb.-Mar. 1990.
High-precision UBV(RI)_c_ photometry of 12 selected active stars,collected at the European Southern Observatory (La Silla, Chile) overthe period February - March 1990, is presented. Significant evolution ofthe light curves, period variations and, in most cases, evidence forlong-term variability of the global degree of spottedness are found.Some of the spectral classifications are discussed. This paper is partof a more extensive program focusing on the global properties andevolution of active stars and is aimed at establishing a time-extendedphotometric database which can give important clues on topics such asthe stability of the spotted areas, differential rotation and solar-likecycles.
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| Long-term monitoring of active stars. II - UBV(RI)c observations at ESO during January-March 1989
In the framework of a research program focusing on the global propertiesand evolution of photospheres and outer atmospheres of active stars, theauthor presents high-precision UBV(RI)c photometry of 15 selected RSCVn, BY Dra, and FK Com-type systems observed at the European SouthernObservatory (La Silla, Chile) in the period January-March 1989.Significant evolution both in amplitude and shape of the wave-like lightcurves is found with respect to previous observations. Evidence forlong-term variability for most of the observed stars is also presented,and some of the spectral classifications are rediscussed.
| Long-term monitoring of active stars. I - 1988-89 UBV photometry with the PHOENIX APT
As part of a large program aimed at studying the global properties andevolution of active star atmospheres, high-precision UBV photometry ofselected RS CVn, BY Dra, and FK Com-type systems has been carried outsince early 1988 by using the Phoenix 25-cm Automatic PhotoelectricTelescope at Whipple Observatory on Mt. Hopking (USA, AZ). We presentthe results of systematic obsrvations of nine active stars monitoredduring the years 1988 and 1989. Significant evolution of the wave-likelight curves for most of the observed stars, both in amplitude andshape, is found. These photometric data can give important clues on thelifetimes of spotted areas and associated magnetic structures,differential rotation and solar-like cycles, and are required to addressthe question of spatial and physical correlations between confinedstructures in active star photospheres and outer atmospheres, the latterderived from chromospheric and transition region spectral signatures atother wavelengths. Evidence of long-term variability for most of theobserved stars is also presented.
| UBVRI observations of southern hemisphere active stars. II - 1987 data
Results are presented on high-precision UBV (RI)c photometricobservations of 13 southern-hemisphere RS CVn, BY Dra, and FK Com-typevariable stars, carried out in December 1987 at the European SouthernObservatory at La Silla (Chile). Compared with previous observations,significant changes of the light curves were detected, both in amplitudeand shape.
| Photometry of HD 45088 - A new bright BY Draconis variable
The K-dwarf SB2 system HD 45088, predicted to be a BY Dra variable onthe basis of its orbital period and emission-line characteristics, isfound to be photometrically variable. The amplitude is significantlyvariable, having ranged between 0.02m during February-April 1980 to0.045m during September-October 1980. The photometric period, shown tobe 7.36 days, differs appreciably from the 6.99-day orbital period.Possible explanations for this difference are (1) nonsynchronization ina young binary, (2) spot development at high latitudes on adifferentially rotating star, and (3) imperfect synchronization in abinary with an eccentric orbit.
| La mesure des vitesses radiales au prisme objectif. XII. 5ème Liste de vitesses radiales déterminées au prisme objectif à vision directe
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