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On-line database of photometric observations of magnetic chemically peculiar stars
We present our extensive project of the On-line database ofphotometric observations of magnetic chemically peculiar stars tocollect published data of photometric observations of magneticchemically peculiar (mCP) stars in the optical and near IR regions. Nowthe nascent database contains more than 107 000 photometric measurementsof 102 mCP stars and will be continually supplemented with published ornew photometric data on these and about 150 additional mCP stars. Thisreport describes the structure and organization of the database.Moreover, for the all included data we estimated the error ofmeasurements and the effective amplitudes of the light curves.
| Magnetic field model for slowly rotating CP-stars. γEqu= HD201601
A magnetic field model is constructed for the extremely slow rotatorγEqu based on measurements of its magnetic field over many yearsand using the “magnetic charge” method. An analysis ofγEqu and of all the data accumulated up to the present on themagnetic field parameters of chemically peculiar stars leads to someinteresting conclusions, of which the main ones are: the fact that theaxis of rotation and the dipole axis are not parallel in γEqu andthe other slowly rotating magnetic stars which we have studiedpreviously is one of the signs that the braking of CP stars does notinvolve the participation of the magnetic field as they evolve “tothe main sequence.” The axes of the magnetic field dipole in slowrotators are oriented arbitrarily with respect to their axes ofrotation. The substantial photometric activity of these CP stars alsoargues against these axes being close. The well-known absence ofsufficiently strong magnetic fields in the Ae/Be Herbig stars alsopresents difficulties for the hypothesis of “magneticbraking” in the “pre-main sequence” stages ofevolution. The inverse relation between the average surface magneticfield Bs and the rotation period P is yet another fact in conflict withthe idea that the magnetic field is involved in the braking of CP stars.We believe that angular momentum loss involving the magnetic field canhardly have taken place during evolution immediately prior “to themain sequence,” rather the slow rotation of CP stars most likelyoriginates from protostellar clouds with low angular momentum. Some ofthe slowly rotating stars have a central dipole magnetic fieldconfiguration, while others have a displaced dipole configuration, wherethe displacement can be toward the positive or the negative magneticpole.
| Evolutionary state of magnetic chemically peculiar stars
Context: .The photospheres of about 5-10% of the upper main sequencestars exhibit remarkable chemical anomalies. Many of these chemicallypeculiar (CP) stars have a global magnetic field, the origin of which isstill a matter of debate. Aims: .We present a comprehensivestatistical investigation of the evolution of magnetic CP stars, aimedat providing constraints to the theories that deal with the origin ofthe magnetic field in these stars. Methods: .We have collectedfrom the literature data for 150 magnetic CP stars with accurateHipparcos parallaxes. We have retrieved from the ESO archive 142 FORS1observations of circularly polarized spectra for 100 stars. From thesespectra we have measured the mean longitudinal magnetic field, anddiscovered 48 new magnetic CP stars (five of which belonging to the rareclass of rapidly oscillating Ap stars). We have determined effectivetemperature and luminosity, then mass and position in the H-R diagramfor a final sample of 194 magnetic CP stars. Results: .We foundthat magnetic stars with M > 3 ~M_ȯ are homogeneouslydistributed along the main sequence. Instead, there are statisticalindications that lower mass stars (especially those with M ≤2~M_ȯ) tend to concentrate in the centre of the main sequence band.We show that this inhomogeneous age distribution cannot be attributed tothe effects of random errors and small number statistics. Our datasuggest also that the surface magnetic flux of CP stars increases withstellar age and mass, and correlates with the rotation period. For starswith M > 3~M_ȯ, rotation periods decrease with age in a wayconsistent with the conservation of the angular momentum, while for lessmassive magnetic CP stars an angular momentum loss cannot be ruledout. Conclusions: .The mechanism that originates and sustains themagnetic field in the upper main sequence stars may be different in CPstars of different mass.
| Magnetic field models for HD 116458 and HD 126515
We have modeled the magnetic fields of the slowly rotating stars HD116458 and HD 126515 using the “magnetic charge” technique.HD 116458 has a small angle between its rotation axis and dipole axis(β = 12°), whereas this angle is large for HD 126515 (β =86°). Both stars can be described with a decentered-dipole model,with the respective displacements being r = 0.07 and r = 0.24 in unitsof the stellar radius. The decentered-dipole model is able tosatisfactorily explain the phase relations for the effective field, Be(P), and the mean surface field, B s(P), for both stars, along with thefact that the B e(P) phase relation for HD 126515 is anharmonic. Wediscuss the role of systematic measurement errors possibly resultingfrom instrumental or methodical effects in one or both of the phaserelations. The displacement of the dipole probably reflects realasymmetry of the stellar field structure, and is not due to measurementerrors. Using both phase relations, B e(P) and B s(P), in the modelingconsiderably reduces the influence of the nonuniform distribution ofchemical elements on the stellar surface.
| Model of the Magnetic Field of HD 187474
A model is constructed for the magnetic field of the star HD 187474,which has a very long axial rotation period P = 2345d. It turns out thatthe structure of the magnetic field is best described by a model of adisplaced (Δα = 0.1) dipole inclined to the axis of rotationby an angle β = 24°. The star is inclined to the line of sightby an angle i = 86°. Because of the displaced dipole the magnitudeof the magnetic field differs at the poles: Bp = +6300 and 11600 G. AMercator map of the distribution of the magnetic field over the surfaceis obtained. The 7 slowly rotating CP stars studied thus far have anaverage angle β = 62°, which equals the average value for arandom orientation of dipoles.
| A catalog of stellar magnetic rotational phase curves
Magnetized stars usually exhibit periodic variations of the effective(longitudinal) magnetic field Be caused by their rotation. Wepresent a catalog of magnetic rotational phase curves, Be vs.the rotational phase φ, and tables of their parameters for 136stars on the main sequence and above it. Phase curves were obtained bythe least squares fitting of sine wave or double wave functions to theavailable Be measurements, which were compiled from theexisting literature. Most of the catalogued objects are chemicallypeculiar A and B type stars (127 stars). For some stars we also improvedor determined periods of their rotation. We discuss the distribution ofparameters describing magnetic rotational phase curves in our sample.All tables and Appendix A are only available in electronic form athttp://www.edpsciences.org
| Spectral Classification of Stars in A Supplement to the Bright Star Catalogue
MK spectral types are given for about 584 stars in A Supplement to theBright Star Catalogue. These are compared with Hipparcos parallaxes tocheck the reliability of those classifications. The estimated errors are+/-1.2 subtypes, and 10% of the luminosity classes may be wrong.
| Magnetic Model of HD 2453
A model is constructed for the magnetic field of the star HD 2453, whichhas a very long rotation period (P=521d). It is found that the structureof the field corresponds to the model of a dipole shifted by r=0.09Rfrom the center. The angle of inclination of the axis of the dipole tothe axis of rotation, =5°; that is, the star is viewed almost fromits equator of rotation and magnetic equator. This explains the lowamplitude of the phase dependence of the magnetic field, Be(P), and thelow amplitude of the photometric variability. The field at the magneticpoles is equal to Bp=+4400 and -7660 G. The magnetic field parametersturn out to be close to those obtained by Landstreet and Mathys assuminga dipole-quadrupole-octupole model. A Mercator map of the magnetic fielddistribution of HD 2453 is produced.
| Some Comments on the Magnetic Braking of CP Stars
The low rotation velocities of magnetic CP stars are discussed.Arguments against the involvement of the magnetic field in the loss ofangular momentum are given: (1) the fields are not strong enough inyoung stars in the stage of evolution prior to the main sequence; (2)there is no significant statistical correlation between the magneticfield strength and the rotation period of CP stars; (3) stars with shortperiods have the highest fields; (4) a substantial number of stars withvery low magnetic fields (B e P>25 days, which form 12% of the total,probably lie at the edge of the velocity distribution for low massstars. All of these properties conflict with the hypothesis of magneticbraking of CP stars.
| Catalogue of averaged stellar effective magnetic fields. I. Chemically peculiar A and B type stars
This paper presents the catalogue and the method of determination ofaveraged quadratic effective magnetic fields < B_e > for 596 mainsequence and giant stars. The catalogue is based on measurements of thestellar effective (or mean longitudinal) magnetic field strengths B_e,which were compiled from the existing literature.We analysed the properties of 352 chemically peculiar A and B stars inthe catalogue, including Am, ApSi, He-weak, He-rich, HgMn, ApSrCrEu, andall ApSr type stars. We have found that the number distribution of allchemically peculiar (CP) stars vs. averaged magnetic field strength isdescribed by a decreasing exponential function. Relations of this typehold also for stars of all the analysed subclasses of chemicalpeculiarity. The exponential form of the above distribution function canbreak down below about 100 G, the latter value representingapproximately the resolution of our analysis for A type stars.Table A.1 and its references are only available in electronic form atthe CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/407/631 and Tables 3 to 9are only available in electronic form at http://www.edpsciences.org
| Magnetic intensification of spectral lines
We present an in-depth investigation of the increase in equivalent widthof saturated lines under the influence of strong magnetic fields, aptlycalled ``magnetic intensification''. Assuming 20 different Zeemanpatterns (with the number of components ranging from 3 to 45) for afictitious Fe II line at 4500 Å in a 10 000 K, log g = 4.0 Kuruczatmosphere, we calculate equivalent widths as a function of magneticfield strength, field angle and line strength (abundance). The increaseover the zero field equivalent width is found to always fall below then/2 relation suggested by Babcock (\cite{bab49}), where n is the numberof Zeeman components. After a discussion of the behaviour of variousZeeman patterns we turn to the influence of anomalous dispersion onmagnetic intensification. Changes in line blanketing due to magneticdesaturation appear to be of negligible size. Finally we show thatmagnetic intensification leads to apparent enhanced abundances and tovirtual abundance variations in magnetic stars with dipolar surfacemagnetic field configurations.
| On the Periods of the Magnetic CP Stars
An HR diagram annotated to show several ranges of photometericallydetermined periods has been constructed for the magnetic CP stars whoseperiods have been determined by the author and his collaborators. Thedistribution of periods reflects both the initial conditions as well asthe subsequent stellar histories. Since the stellar magnetic field doesnot penetrate the convective core, eventually a shear zone near thecore-radiative envelope boundary may develop which produces turbulenceand modifies the field. Many, but not all, of the most rapidly rotatingmCP stars are close to the ZAMS and some of the least rapidly rotatingmCP stars are the furthest from the ZAMS.
| A statistical analysis of the magnetic structure of CP stars
We present the results of a statistical study of the magnetic structureof upper main sequence chemically peculiar stars. We have modelled asample of 34 stars, assuming that the magnetic morphology is describedby the superposition of a dipole and a quadrupole field, arbitrarilyoriented. In order to interpret the modelling results, we haveintroduced a novel set of angles that provides one with a convenient wayto represent the mutual orientation of the quadrupolar component, thedipolar component, and the rotation axis. Some of our results aresimilar to what has already been found in previous studies, e.g., thatthe inclination of the dipole axis to the rotation axis is usually largefor short-period stars and small for long-period ones - see Landstreet& Mathys (\cite{Landstreet2000}). We also found that forshort-period stars (approximately P<10 days) the plane containing thetwo unit vectors that characterise the quadrupole is almost coincidentwith the plane containing the stellar rotation axis and the dipole axis.Long-period stars seem to be preferentially characterised by aquadrupole orientation such that the planes just mentioned areperpendicular. There is also some loose indication of a continuoustransition between the two classes of stars with increasing rotationalperiod.
| Multiplicity among chemically peculiar stars. II. Cool magnetic Ap stars
We present new orbits for sixteen Ap spectroscopic binaries, four ofwhich might in fact be Am stars, and give their orbital elements. Fourof them are SB2 systems: HD 5550, HD 22128, HD 56495 and HD 98088. Thetwelve other stars are: HD 9996, HD 12288, HD 40711, HD 54908, HD 65339,HD 73709, HD 105680, HD 138426, HD 184471, HD 188854, HD 200405 and HD216533. Rough estimates of the individual masses of the components of HD65339 (53 Cam) are given, combining our radial velocities with theresults of speckle interferometry and with Hipparcos parallaxes.Considering the mass functions of 74 spectroscopic binaries from thiswork and from the literature, we conclude that the distribution of themass ratio is the same for cool Ap stars and for normal G dwarfs.Therefore, the only differences between binaries with normal stars andthose hosting an Ap star lie in the period distribution: except for thecase of HD 200405, all orbital periods are longer than (or equal to) 3days. A consequence of this peculiar distribution is a deficit of nulleccentricities. There is no indication that the secondary has a specialnature, like e.g. a white dwarf. Based on observations collected at theObservatoire de Haute-Provence (CNRS), France.Tables 1 to 3 are only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/394/151Appendix B is only available in electronic form athttp://www.edpsciences.org
| Spectropolarimetric measurements of the mean longitudinal magnetic field of chemically peculiar stars. II. Phase relating the magnetic and luminosity variabilities
For a sample of chemically peculiar stars, we report time-resolvedmeasurements of the effective magnetic field which were obtained withthe spectropolarimetry operating at the Catania AstrophysicalObservatory. These observations are combined with data from theliterature for better pointing out that periodic magnetic variabilitywhich characterises this class of stars. Periods given in the literaturehave been checked and, if possible, re-determined, not only by means ofthe magnetic measurements but referring also to the Hipparcosphotometry. The variability of the effective magnetic field of thealready known magnetic star 25 Sex is pointed out for the first time. Asto the suspected magnetic chemically peculiar star EP UMa, ourmeasurements confirm that this is really a magnetic star and we indicatea possible variability period. The accuracy of the variability periodfor CS Vir and FF Vir is improved. The suggestion that light variabilityis due to the re-distribution of ultraviolet flux towards the visiblewavelengths in metal rich regions, which are not homogeneouslydistributed on the stellar surface, appears not always and straightlyvalid. Local line-blocking is certainly important in the case of CS Virand a direct influence of the magnetic field on the infrared photometricvariability cannot be ruled out for 25 Sex. Based on observationscollected at the Catania Astrophysical Observatory, Italy.
| High-precision magnetic field measurements of Ap and Bp stars
In this paper we describe a new approach for measuring the meanlongitudinal magnetic field and net linear polarization of Ap and Bpstars. As was demonstrated by Wade et al., least-squares deconvolution(LSD; Donati et al.) provides a powerful technique for detecting weakStokes V, Q and U Zeeman signatures in stellar spectral lines. Thesesignatures have the potential to apply strong new constraints to modelsof stellar magnetic field structure. Here we point out two importantuses of LSD Stokes profiles. First, they can provide very precisedeterminations of the mean longitudinal magnetic field. In particular,this method allows one frequently to obtain 1σ error bars betterthan 50G, and smaller than 20G in some cases. This method is applicableto both broad- and sharp-lined stars, with both weak and strong magneticfields, and effectively redefines the quality standard of longitudinalfield determinations. Secondly, LSD profiles can in some cases provide ameasure of the net linear polarization, a quantity analogous to thebroad-band linear polarization recently used to derive detailed magneticfield models for a few stars (e.g. Leroy et al.). In this paper wereport new high-precision measurements of the longitudinal fields of 14magnetic Ap/Bp stars, as well as net linear polarization measurementsfor four of these stars, derived from LSD profiles.
| Spectropolarimetric measurements of magnetic Ap and Bp stars in all four Stokes parameters
In this paper we begin an exploration of the potential of spectral lineZeeman linear and circular polarization signatures for reconstructingthe surface magnetic field topologies of magnetic Ap and Bp stars. Wepresent our first observational results, which include the very firsthigh-quality measurements of stellar Zeeman spectral line linearpolarization ever obtained. Using the new MuSiCoS spectropolarimeter atthe Pic du Midi Observatory, over 360 spectra were obtained, in circularor linear polarization, of 14 magnetic Ap/Bp stars and six calibrationobjects. Zeeman circular polarization signatures are detected in mostsingle lines in essentially all spectra of magnetic Ap stars, withtypical relative amplitudes of a few per cent. Linear polarizationZeeman signatures are unambiguously detected in individual strong,magnetically sensitive lines in outstanding spectra of five objects.However, linear polarization is generally not detected in individualstrong lines in our much more common moderate signal-to-noise ratio(S/N) spectra, and is essentially never detected in weak lines. In orderto overcome the limitations imposed by the S/N ratio and the inherentweakness of linear polarization Zeeman signatures, we exploit theinformation contained in the many lines in our spectra by using theleast-squares deconvolution (LSD) technique. Using LSD, mean linearpolarization signatures are consistently detected within the spectrallines of 10 of our 14 programme stars. These mean linear polarizationsignatures are very weak, with typical amplitudes 10-20 times smallerthan those of the associated mean circular polarization signatures. For11 stars full or partial rotational phase coverage has been obtained inthe Stokes I and V or the Stokes I, V, Q and U parameters. Therotational modulation of the LSD mean signatures is reported for theseobjects. Measurements of the longitudinal field and net linearpolarization obtained from these LSD profiles show they are consistentwith existing comparable data, and provide constraints on magnetic fieldmodels which are at least as powerful as any other data presentlyavailable. To illustrate the new information available from these datasets, we compare for four stars the observed Stokes profiles with thosepredicted by magnetic field models published previously in theliterature. Important and sometimes striking differences between theobserved and computed profiles indicate that the Zeeman signaturespresented here contain important new information about the structure ofthe magnetic fields of Ap and Bp stars capable of showing thelimitations of the best magnetic field models currently available.
| Magnetic AP Stars in the Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram
The evolutionary state of magnetic Ap stars is rediscussed using therecently released Hipparcos data. The distribution of the magnetic Apstars of mass below 3 Msolar in the H-R diagram differs fromthat of the normal stars in the same temperature range at a high levelof significance. Magnetic stars are concentrated toward the center ofthe main-sequence band. This is shown in two forms of the H-R diagram:one where logL is plotted against logTeff and a version moredirectly tied to the observed quantities, showing the astrometry-basedluminosity (Arenou & Luri) against the (B2-G)0 index ofGeneva photometry. In particular, it is found that magnetic fieldsappear only in stars that have already completed at least approximately30% of their main-sequence lifetime. No clear picture emerges as to thepossible evolution of the magnetic field across the main sequence. Hintsof some (loose) relations between magnetic field strength and otherstellar parameters are found: stars with shorter periods tend to havestronger fields, as do higher temperature and higher mass stars. Amarginal trend of the magnetic flux to be lower in more slowly rotatingstars may possibly be seen as suggesting a dynamo origin for the field.No correlation between the rotation period and the fraction of themain-sequence lifetime completed is observed, indicating that the slowrotation in these stars must already have been achieved before theybecame observably magnetic. Based on data from the ESA Hipparcossatellite and on observations collected at the European SouthernObservatory (La Silla, Chile; ESO programs Nos. 43.7-004, 44.7-012,49.7-030, 50.7-067, 51.7-041, 52.7-063, 53.7-028, 54.E-0416, and55.E-0751), at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence (Saint-Michell'Observatoire, France), at Kitt Peak National Observatory, and at theCanada-France-Hawaii Telescope.
| Magnetic models of slowly rotating magnetic Ap stars: aligned magnetic and rotation axes
As a result of major surveys carried out during the past decade byMathys and collaborators, we now have measurements with full phasecoverage of several magnetic field moments, including the meanlongitudinal field B_l, the mean field modulus B_s, and in most casesthe mean quadratic field B_mq and mean crossover field B_xover, for asample of 24 chemically peculiar magnetic (Ap) stars. This represents anincrease of a factor of order five in the stellar sample with data ofthis quality, compared to the situation a decade ago. We exploit thisdataset to derive general and statistical properties of the stars in thesample, as follows. First, we fit the available field momentobservations assuming a simple, axisymmetric multipole magnetic fieldexpansion (with dipole, quadrupole, and octupole components) over eachstellar surface. We show that this representation, though not exact,gives an adequate description of the available data for all the stars inthis sample, although the fit parameters are in many cases not unique.We find that many of the stars require an important quadrupole and/oroctupole field component to satisfy the observations, and that some(usually small) deviations from our assumed axisymmetric fielddistributions are certainly present. We examine the inclination i (0<= i <= 90o) of the rotation axis to the line of sightand the obliquity beta (0 <= beta <= 90o) of themagnetic field with respect to the rotation axis, and show that thestars with periods of the order of a month or longer have systematicallysmall values of beta : slowly rotating magnetic stars generally havetheir magnetic and rotation axes aligned to within about 20o,unlike the short period magnetic Ap stars, in which beta is usuallylarge. This is a qualitatively new result, and one which is veryimportant for efforts to understand the evolution of magnetic fields andangular momentum in the magnetic Ap stars.
| Hβ photometry of southern CP2 stars: is the uvbybeta luminosity calibration also valid for peculiar stars?
We present Hβ photometry of 233 southern CP2 stars (covering themagnetic Ap stars according to the definition by Preston 1974) brighterthan V < 8.5 mag from the list of Bidelman & MacConnell (1973).Absolute magnitudes derived from this photometry together with alreadyexisting uvby photometry is confronted with Hipparcos results availablefor a common subset of 152 stars. In order to compare peculiar withnormal stars, we identified a sample of 1147 normal B to F-type starsusing their published uvbybeta and Hipparcos data. For our analysis wedivide both samples into three temperature as well as two Hipparcosparallax accuracy groups. The error distribution of both samples provedto be statistically comparable. As a result the absolute magnitudes forthe B-type CP2 stars show up to be significantly too bright by anaverage of 0.5 mag using the actual photometric calibration. On theother hand, the photometric absolute magnitudes for cool A to F-type CP2stars are up to three magnitudes fainter as compared to Hipparcos. Basedon observations at ESO-La Silla and with the Hipparcos satellite
| Radial velocities. Measurements of 2800 B2-F5 stars for HIPPARCOS
Radial velocities have been determined for a sample of 2930 B2-F5 stars,95% observed by the Hipparcos satellite in the north hemisphere and 80%without reliable radial velocity up to now. Observations were obtainedat the Observatoire de Haute Provence with a dispersion of 80Ä,mm(-1) with the aim of studying stellar and galactic dynamics.Radial velocities have been measured by correlation with templates ofthe same spectral class. The mean obtained precision is 3.0 km s(-1)with three observations. A new MK spectral classification is estimatedfor all stars. Based on observations made at the Haute ProvenceObservatory, France and on data from The Hipparcos Catalogue, ESA.Tables 4, 5 and 6 are only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.htm
| On the near infrared variability of chemically peculiar stars
Some CP stars have recently been discovered by Catalano et al. to bevariable also in the near infrared, although with smaller amplitudesthan in the visible. Hence an observational campaign was started inwhich the infrared light variability of a number of CP2 and CP4 starshas been investigated at the ESO-La Silla Observatory in the bands J, H,and K. As a general result, infrared variations show the same behaviorin all three filters but amplitudes are smaller than in the visible.
| Photometry from the HIPPARCOS Catalogue: Constant MCP Stars, Comparison and Check Stars
Photometry from the Hipparcos catalogue is used to verify the constancyof four magnetic CP stars, as well as the comparison and the check starsused for variability studies of normal and chemically peculiar B and Astars with the Four College Automated Photoelectric Telescope;variability in these stars can produce spurious results. A few of thecomparison stars are found to be variable and should be replaced forfuture differential photometric studies.
| On the HIPPARCOS photometry of chemically peculiar B, A, and F stars
The Hipparcos photometry of the Chemically Peculiar main sequence B, A,and F stars is examined for variability. Some non-magnetic CP stars,Mercury-Manganese and metallic-line stars, which according to canonicalwisdom should not be variable, may be variable and are identified forfurther study. Some potentially important magnetic CP stars are noted.Tables 1, 2, and 3 are available only in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Near infrared light variations of chemically peculiar stars. The SrCrEu stars
Twenty magnetic Chemically Peculiar (CP2) stars of the SrCrEu subgroupmostly brighter than the 7.5 visual magnitude have been investigated inthe near infrared at 1.25, 1.6 and 2.2 mu . The stars HD 3980, HD 24712,HD 49976, HD 83368, HD 96616, HD 98088, HD 118022, HD 125248, HD 148898,HD 203006, and HD 220825 have been found to be variable in the infraredwith the same period as the visible light, spectrum, and magnetic fieldvariations. HD 221760 is also variable with a period of 12.45 days,which has to be confirmed. The stars HD 72968, HD 111133, HD 126515, HD153882, and HD 164258 do show some hint of variability, although thedata are too few. Infrared variability has been detected for the firsttime in the stars HD 101065, and HD 206088, which have not yet beenconsidered as variable. No variability has been detected for the star HD137949 within a time scale of the order of ten days. Based onobservations collected at the European Southern Observatory, La SillaChile.
| The observed periods of AP and BP stars
A catalogue of all the periods up to now proposed for the variations ofCP2, CP3, and CP4 stars is presented. The main identifiers (HD and HR),the proper name, the variable-star name, and the spectral type andpeculiarity are given for each star as far as the coordinates at 2000.0and the visual magnitude. The nature of the observed variations (light,spectrum, magnetic field, etc.) is presented in a codified way. Thecatalogue is arranged in three tables: the bulk of the data, i.e. thosereferring to CP2, CP3, and CP4 stars, are given in Table 1, while thedata concerning He-strong stars are given in Table 2 and those foreclipsing or ellipsoidal variables are collected in Table 3. Notes arealso provided at the end of each table, mainly about duplicities. Thecatalogue contains data on 364 CP stars and is updated to 1996, October31. This research has made use of the SIMBAD database, operated at CDS,Strasbourg, France.
| The HR-diagram from HIPPARCOS data. Absolute magnitudes and kinematics of BP - AP stars
The HR-diagram of about 1000 Bp - Ap stars in the solar neighbourhoodhas been constructed using astrometric data from Hipparcos satellite aswell as photometric and radial velocity data. The LM method\cite{luri95,luri96} allows the use of proper motion and radial velocitydata in addition to the trigonometric parallaxes to obtain luminositycalibrations and improved distances estimates. Six types of Bp - Apstars have been examined: He-rich, He-weak, HgMn, Si, Si+ and SrCrEu.Most Bp - Ap stars lie on the main sequence occupying the whole width ofit (about 2 mag), just like normal stars in the same range of spectraltypes. Their kinematic behaviour is typical of thin disk stars youngerthan about 1 Gyr. A few stars found to be high above the galactic planeor to have a high velocity are briefly discussed. Based on data from theESA Hipparcos astrometry satellite and photometric data collected in theGeneva system at ESO, La Silla (Chile) and at Jungfraujoch andGornergrat Observatories (Switzerland). Tables 3 and 4 are onlyavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Magnetic field models for A and B stars. V. The magnetic field and photometric variation of 84 Ursae Majoris
We present new longitudinal magnetic field and Stroemgren photometricmeasurements of the Bp star 84 UMa. From these data we determine a newrotational period Prot=1.38576 deg +/- 0.00080 deg, which isinconsistent with previously published values. The magnetic measurementsindicate the presence of a weak, dominantly dipolar magnetic field inthe photosphere of 84 UMa. We employ a new value of the rotational axisinclination in conjunction with the magnetic data in order to constrainthe magnetic field geometry. We derive the following dipole obliquerotator parameters: i=59^{+17}_{-9} degr, \beta=48^{+17}_{-29} degr, andBd=1620^{+1270}_{-30}$ G. A precise value of the radius(which we calculate in conjunction with the inclination using theHipparcos parallax) allows us to locate 84 UMa on the radius-effectivetemperature plane. Using theoretical evolutionary tracks (Schaller etal. 1992), we obtain values for the mass, age and surface gravity. Theseresults place 84 UMa quite close to the ZAMS, a result inconsistent withthe suggestion by Hubrig & Mathys (1994) that the magnetic Ap starsmay be near the end of their main sequence life. Table 2 is availableonly in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp 130.79.128.5
| Do SI stars undergo any rotational braking?
The old question of rotational braking of Ap Si stars is revisited onthe empirical side, taking advantage of the recent Hipparcos results.Field stars with various evolutionary states are considered, and it isshown that the loose correlation between their rotational period andtheir surface gravity is entirely compatible with conservation ofangular momentum. No evidence is found for any loss of angular momentumon the Main Sequence, which confirms earlier results based on lessreliable estimates of surface gravity. The importance of reliable,fundamental T_eff determinations of Bp and Ap stars is emphasized. Basedon data from the ESA Hipparcos satellite
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