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The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the solar neighbourhood. III. Improved distances, ages, and kinematics
Context: Ages, chemical compositions, velocity vectors, and Galacticorbits for stars in the solar neighbourhood are fundamental test datafor models of Galactic evolution. The Geneva-Copenhagen Survey of theSolar Neighbourhood (Nordström et al. 2004; GCS), amagnitude-complete, kinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F andG dwarfs, is the largest available sample with complete data for starswith ages spanning that of the disk. Aims: We aim to improve theaccuracy of the GCS data by implementing the recent revision of theHipparcos parallaxes. Methods: The new parallaxes yield improvedastrometric distances for 12 506 stars in the GCS. We also use theparallaxes to verify the distance calibration for uvby? photometryby Holmberg et al. (2007, A&A, 475, 519; GCS II). We add newselection criteria to exclude evolved cool stars giving unreliableresults and derive distances for 3580 stars with large parallax errorsor not observed by Hipparcos. We also check the GCS II scales of T_effand [Fe/H] and find no need for change. Results: Introducing thenew distances, we recompute MV for 16 086 stars, and U, V, W,and Galactic orbital parameters for the 13 520 stars that also haveradial-velocity measurements. We also recompute stellar ages from thePadova stellar evolution models used in GCS I-II, using the new valuesof M_V, and compare them with ages from the Yale-Yonsei andVictoria-Regina models. Finally, we compare the observed age-velocityrelation in W with three simulated disk heating scenarios to show thepotential of the data. Conclusions: With these revisions, thebasic data for the GCS stars should now be as reliable as is possiblewith existing techniques. Further improvement must await consolidationof the T_eff scale from angular diameters and fluxes, and the Gaiatrigonometric parallaxes. We discuss the conditions for improvingcomputed stellar ages from new input data, and for distinguishingdifferent disk heating scenarios from data sets of the size andprecision of the GCS.Full Table 1 is only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/501/941
| WIYN open cluster study. XXVI. Improved kinematic membership and spectroscopy of IC 2391
Context: Young open clusters provide important clues to the interfacebetween the main sequence and pre-main-sequence phases of stellarevolution. The young and nearby open cluster IC 2391 is well-suited tostudies of these two evolutionary phases. Aims: We establish a bonafide set of cluster members and then analyze this set in terms of binaryfrequency, projected rotational velocities, [Fe/H], and lithiumabundance. In the wake of the Hipparcos distance controversy for thePleiades, we compare the main-sequence fitting distance modulus to theHipparcos mean parallax for IC 2391. Methods: We have obtained newproper motions for 6991 stars down to V ˜ 13-16 over a~9-deg2 area of the sky comprising IC 2391. The precision ofproper motions, σ_μ=1.7 mas yr-1, allowed us tocalculate reliable membership probabilities. We also obtained preciseradial velocity and v sin i measurements with Coravel and FEROS for 76probable cluster members. The cluster's mean radial velocity is+14.8±0.7 km s-1. The FEROS high-resolution spectrawere used to determine both the [Fe/H] abundance in the four mainsequence dwarfs of IC 2391 and the Li abundance in 47 stars. Inaddition, new BV CCD photometry was obtained for the majority ofprobable cluster members. Results: The proper-motion survey covers a 6times larger sky area than the prior targeted searches for clustermembers in IC 2391. A total of 66 stars are considered bona fide clustermembers down to a mass equivalent to 0.5 Mȯ. A quarterof them have been newly identified with many in the F2-K5 spectralrange, which is crucial for a main-sequence fit. We find a mean [Fe/H]value of +0.06±0.06, when a solar abundance of log ɛ(Fe)= 7.45 is adopted. The main sequence fitting yields a distance modulusthat is 0.19 mag larger than that derived from Hipparcos parallaxes;thus this offset nearly has the size of a similar offset found for thePleiades. The Li abundance pattern is similar to the earlier findingsand is typical for a 40 Myr old open cluster. Conclusions: .A varietyof new data on the probable members of IC 2391 improve essentially allobservational parameters of this young open cluster.
| Radial and rotational velocities of young brown dwarfs and very low-mass stars in the Upper Scorpius OB association and the ? Ophiuchi cloud core
We present the results of a radial velocity (RV) survey of 14 browndwarfs (BDs) and very low-mass (VLM) stars in the Upper Scorpius OBassociation (UScoOB) and three BD candidates in the ? Ophiuchi darkcloud core. We obtained high-resolution echelle spectra at the VeryLarge Telescope using the Ultraviolet and Visual Echelle Spectrograph(UVES) at two different epochs for each object, and measured the shiftsin their RVs to identify candidates for binary/multiple systems in thesample. The average time separation of the RV measurements is 21.6 d,and our survey is sensitive to the binaries with separation <0.1 au.We found that four out of 17 objects (or 24+16-13per cent by fraction) show a significant RV change in 4-33 d time-scale,and are considered as binary/multiple `candidates'. We found nodouble-lined spectroscopic binaries in our sample, based on the shape ofcross-correlation curves. The RV dispersion of the objects in UScoOB isfound to be very similar to that of the BD and VLM stars in Chamaeleon I(Cha I). We also found the distribution of the mean rotationalvelocities (v sin i) of the UScoOB objects is similar to that of the ChaI, but the dispersion of v sin i is much larger than that of the Cha Iobjects.
| Pulkovo compilation of radial velocities for 35495 stars in a common system.
Not Available
| Data mining in the young open cluster IC2391
Large-scale astrometric and photometric data bases have been used tosearch for and confirm stellar membership of the open cluster IC2391.125 stars were found that satisfied criteria for membership based onproper motion components and BRI photometry from the United States NavalObservatory B (USNO-B) catalogue and JHK photometry from the Two MicronAll Sky Survey (2MASS) catalogue. This listing was compared with othersrecently published. A distance to the cluster of 147.7 +/- 5.5 pc wasfound with mean proper motion components, from the Tycho2 catalogue of(-25.04 +/- 1.53 masyr-1+23.19+/-1.23 masyr-1). Arevised Trumpler classification of II3r is suggested. Luminosity andmass functions for the candidate stars were constructed and comparedwith those of field stars and other clusters.
| The Geneva-Copenhagen survey of the Solar neighbourhood. Ages, metallicities, and kinematic properties of 14 000 F and G dwarfs
We present and discuss new determinations of metallicity, rotation, age,kinematics, and Galactic orbits for a complete, magnitude-limited, andkinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F and G dwarf stars. Our63 000 new, accurate radial-velocity observations for nearly 13 500stars allow identification of most of the binary stars in the sampleand, together with published uvbyβ photometry, Hipparcosparallaxes, Tycho-2 proper motions, and a few earlier radial velocities,complete the kinematic information for 14 139 stars. These high-qualityvelocity data are supplemented by effective temperatures andmetallicities newly derived from recent and/or revised calibrations. Theremaining stars either lack Hipparcos data or have fast rotation. Amajor effort has been devoted to the determination of new isochrone agesfor all stars for which this is possible. Particular attention has beengiven to a realistic treatment of statistical biases and errorestimates, as standard techniques tend to underestimate these effectsand introduce spurious features in the age distributions. Our ages agreewell with those by Edvardsson et al. (\cite{edv93}), despite severalastrophysical and computational improvements since then. We demonstrate,however, how strong observational and theoretical biases cause thedistribution of the observed ages to be very different from that of thetrue age distribution of the sample. Among the many basic relations ofthe Galactic disk that can be reinvestigated from the data presentedhere, we revisit the metallicity distribution of the G dwarfs and theage-metallicity, age-velocity, and metallicity-velocity relations of theSolar neighbourhood. Our first results confirm the lack of metal-poor Gdwarfs relative to closed-box model predictions (the ``G dwarfproblem''), the existence of radial metallicity gradients in the disk,the small change in mean metallicity of the thin disk since itsformation and the substantial scatter in metallicity at all ages, andthe continuing kinematic heating of the thin disk with an efficiencyconsistent with that expected for a combination of spiral arms and giantmolecular clouds. Distinct features in the distribution of the Vcomponent of the space motion are extended in age and metallicity,corresponding to the effects of stochastic spiral waves rather thanclassical moving groups, and may complicate the identification ofthick-disk stars from kinematic criteria. More advanced analyses of thisrich material will require careful simulations of the selection criteriafor the sample and the distribution of observational errors.Based on observations made with the Danish 1.5-m telescope at ESO, LaSilla, Chile, and with the Swiss 1-m telescope at Observatoire deHaute-Provence, France.Complete Tables 1 and 2 are only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/418/989
| Kinematics of Hipparcos Visual Binaries. II. Stars with Ground-Based Orbital Solutions
This paper continues kinematical investigations of the Hipparcos visualbinaries with known orbits. A sample, consisting of 804 binary systemswith orbital elements determined from ground-based observations, isselected. The mean relative error of their parallaxes is about 12% andthe mean relative error of proper motions is about 4%. However, even 41%of the sample stars lack radial velocity measurements. The computedGalactic velocity components and other kinematical parameters are usedto divide the stars with known radial velocities into kinematical agegroups. The majority (92%) of binaries from the sample are thin diskstars, 7.6% have thick disk kinematics and only two binaries have halokinematics. Among them, the long-period variable Mira Ceti has a verydiscordant {Hipparcos} and ground-based parallax values. From the wholesample, 60 stars are ascribed to the thick disk and halo population.There is an urgent need to increase the number of the identified halobinaries with known orbits and substantially improve the situation withradial velocity data for stars with known orbits.
| Seven-Color Photoelectric Photometry of the Omicron Velorum Cluster
Photoelectric observations in the Vilnius seven-color photometric systemof 36 stars in the magnitude range 3.6 < V < 10.7 in the opencluster around the star o Velorum are presented. Photometric spectraland luminosity classes are determined for each star from which the meandistance modulus of the cluster is found to be 5.94+/-0.02 mag and themean color excess EY-V = 0.00+/-0.02 mag. The membership ofthe cluster stars is discussed.
| Two-colour photometry for 9473 components of close Hipparcos double and multiple stars
Using observations obtained with the Tycho instrument of the ESAHipparcos satellite, a two-colour photometry is produced for componentsof more than 7 000 Hipparcos double and multiple stars with angularseparations 0.1 to 2.5 arcsec. We publish 9473 components of 5173systems with separations above 0.3 arcsec. The majority of them did nothave Tycho photometry in the Hipparcos catalogue. The magnitudes arederived in the Tycho B_T and V_T passbands, similar to the Johnsonpassbands. Photometrically resolved components of the binaries withstatistically significant trigonometric parallaxes can be put on an HRdiagram, the majority of them for the first time. Based on observationsmade with the ESA Hipparcos satellite.
| Binary Star Orbits from Speckle Interferometry. I. Improved Orbital Elements of 22 Visual Systems
Improved orbital elements for 22 binary systems are presented. For 12systems, masses are calculated using available trigonometric parallaxesand making certain assumptions regarding the mass ratio. For the other10 systems, provisional elements are provided that should providerelatively accurate ephemerides for the next decade.
| A Multiplicity Survey of Chromospherically Active and Inactive Stars
Surveys of three samples of solar-type stars, segregated bychromospheric emission level, were made to determine their multiplicityfractions and to investigate the evolution of multiplicity with age. Intotal, 245 stars were searched for companions with DeltaV <= 3.0 andseparations of 0.035" to 1.08" using optical speckle interferometry. Byincorporating the visual micrometer survey for duplicity of theLamontHussey Observatory, the angular coverage was extended to 5.0" withno change in the DeltaV limit. This magnitude difference allows massratios of 0.63 and larger to be detected throughout a search region of2-127 AU for the stars observed. The 84 primaries observed in thechromospherically active sample are presumably part of a youngpopulation and are found to have a multiplicity fraction of 17.9% +/-4.6%. The sample of 118 inactive, presumably older, primaries wereselected and observed using identical methods and are found to have amultiplicity fraction of only 8.5% +/- 2.7%. Given the known linkbetween chromospheric activity and age, these results tentatively implya decreasing stellar multiplicity fraction from 1 to 4 Gyr, theapproximate ages of the two samples. Finally, only two of the 14 veryactive primaries observed were found to have a companion meeting thesurvey detection parameters. In this case, many of the systems areeither very young, or close, RS CVn type multiples that are unresolvableusing the techniques employed here.
| A Deep X-Ray Image of IC 2391
A 56 ks soft X-ray image of the IC 2391 star cluster has been acquiredwith the ROSAT High Resolution Imager, resulting in the detection of 34sources above a 3 sigma detection level of L_X~=4x10^28 ergs s^-1. Wereport source coordinates and fluxes plus identifications and broadbandBVRI photometry for optical counterparts to each source. We comparethese results with X-ray source fluxes from a ROSAT PSPC image of thesame region, which we obtained 2 yr earlier. The largest change in X-raybrightness for any of the known or suspected G, K, and M cluster membersis 0.43 dex, i.e., a factor of ~3. Given this modest amplitude in X-rayvariability, we conclude that the broad (factor of 20) dispersion inX-ray luminosities within IC 2391 is unrelated to short- orintermediate-term cycles of the stellar dynamo. We further show that theeffects of source confusion on the PSPC X-ray luminosity function, fordistance scales of 5"-30", are relatively small and are thus negligiblefor the purpose of comparing IC 2391 with older clusters and forstudying the evolution of coronal X-ray emission in solar-type stars.The greater part of the observed scatter in X-ray luminosity within IC2391 still awaits explanation.
| The Evolution of Rotation and Activity in Young Open Clusters: IC 2391
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996ApJS..106..489P&db_key=AST
| A Survey of Ca II H and K Chromospheric Emission in Southern Solar-Type Stars
More than 800 southern stars within 50 pc have been observed forchromospheric emission in the cores of the Ca II H and K lines. Most ofthe sample targets were chosen to be G dwarfs on the basis of colors andspectral types. The bimodal distribution in stellar activity first notedin a sample of northern stars by Vaughan and Preston in 1980 isconfirmed, and the percentage of active stars, about 30%, is remarkablyconsistent between the northern and southern surveys. This is especiallycompelling given that we have used an entirely different instrumentalsetup and stellar sample than used in the previous study. Comparisons tothe Sun, a relatively inactive star, show that most nearby solar-typestars have a similar activity level, and presumably a similar age. Weidentify two additional subsamples of stars -- a very active group, anda very inactive group. The very active group may be made up of youngstars near the Sun, accounting for only a few percent of the sample, andappears to be less than ~0.1 Gyr old. Included in this high-activitytail of the distribution, however, is a subset of very close binaries ofthe RS CVn or W UMa types. The remaining members of this population maybe undetected close binaries or very young single stars. The veryinactive group of stars, contributting ~5%--10% to the total sample, maybe those caught in a Maunder Minimum type phase. If the observations ofthe survey stars are considered to be a sequence of snapshots of the Sunduring its life, we might expect that the Sun will spend about 10% ofthe remainder of its main sequence life in a Maunder Minimum phase.
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| Stroemgren photometry of F- and G-type stars brighter than V = 9.6. I. UVBY photometry
Within the framework of a large photometric observing program, designedto investigate the Galaxy's structure and evolution, Hβ photometryis being made for about 9000 stars. As a by-product, supplementary uvbyphotometry has been made. The results are presented in a cataloguecontaining 6924 uvby observations of 6190 stars, all south ofδ=+38deg. The overall internal rms errors of one observation(transformed to the standard system) of a program star in the interval6.5
| Early type high-velocity stars in the solar neighborhood. IV - Four-color and H-beta photometry
Results are presented from photometric obaservations in the Stromgrenuvby four-color and H-beta systems of early-type high-velocity stars inthe solar neighborhood. Several types of photometrically peculiar starsare selected on the basis of their Stromgren indices and areprovisionally identified as peculiar A stars, field horizontal-branchstars, metal-poor stars near the Population II and old-disk turnoffs,metal-poor blue stragglers, or metallic-line A stars. Numerousphotometrically normal stars were also found.
| MKJ and MSS classification of solar-type stars within 100 parsecs of the sun - Preliminary results
Not Available
| The common origin of some open clusters
Eight open clusters have been observed with uvby-beta photometry and forseven of them the metal abundances have been determined. Six of thesehave similar metallicities. They are close in space and are also knownto have similar ages and radial velocities. These clusters are suspectedof having a common origin. Some studies are made of the reliability ofthe photometric system. A large gain in limiting magnitude can beachieved against an unimportant loss of accuracy if interference filtersare removed.
| Positions of stars in regions of 14 southern galactic clusters
Positions have been obtained for a total of 3487 stars scattered over 14regions that are centered on each of the southern galactic clusters NGC1981, 2287, 2437, 2451, 2516, 2546, 2547, 2548, 3114, 3532, IC 2391,2395, 2602, and Truempler 10. A frame of reference has been establishedfor each region using ESO Schmidt plates centered on the clusters, witheach plate containing 20-35 measurable Perth 70 stars that are used fordetermining the positions of 200-400 fainter stars within a centralfield of 25 min of arc radius (covering the corresponding 1.5-m plates).
| MK classification for visual binary components
MK classifications are presented for both components of 208 visualbinaries, most of which appear in the Third Catalogue of Orbits ofVisual Binary Stars (Finsen and Worley 1970) and which have onlycomposite MK spectral types and visual-magnitude differences. Comparisonbetween the results obtained and the several individually observed orpreviously inferred component types suggest that an accuracy of plus orminus 2 to 3 spectral subtypes may be expected for both unevolved pairsand evolved pairs; an accuracy of plus or minus 0.5 to 1.0 luminosityclasses is expected for evolved pairs.
| Measures of southern visual double stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1976PASP...88...52H&db_key=AST
| Measures of Southern Visual Double Stars
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1974PASP...86..907H&db_key=AST
| Photoelectric photometry of late type stars in the direction opposed to galactic rotation
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1974A&AS...16..269G&db_key=AST
| Micrometer measures of 401 double stars.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1972AJ.....77..878W&db_key=AST
| Spectroscopic Studies of Southern Galactic Clusters, I. IC 2391
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1969PASP...81..629P&db_key=AST
| Photometric studies of southern galactic cluster. I. IC 2391.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1969AJ.....74..899P&db_key=AST
| Orbits of six visual binaries.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1969A&A.....1..249H&db_key=AST
| Stellar spectra in galactic cluster IC 2391
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1965MNRAS.129..411B&db_key=AST
| On some southern galactic clusters
Not Available
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