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Evolution of magnetic fields in stars across the upper main sequence: I. Catalogue of magnetic field measurements with FORS 1 at the VLT
To properly understand the physics of Ap and Bp stars it is particularlyimportant to identify the origin of their magnetic fields. For that, anaccurate knowledge of the evolutionary state of stars that have ameasured magnetic field is an important diagnostic. Previous resultsbased on a small and possibly biased sample suggest that thedistribution of magnetic stars with mass below 3 M_ȯ in the H-Rdiagram differs from that of normal stars in the same mass range (Hubriget al. 2000). In contrast, higher mass magnetic Bp stars may well occupythe whole main-sequence width (Hubrig, Schöller & North 2005b).In order to rediscuss the evolutionary state of upper main sequencemagnetic stars, we define a larger and bias-free sample of Ap and Bpstars with accurate Hipparcos parallaxes and reliably determinedlongitudinal magnetic fields. We used FORS 1 at the VLT in itsspectropolarimetric mode to measure the magnetic field in chemicallypeculiar stars where it was unknown or poorly known as yet. In thisfirst paper we present our results of the mean longitudinal magneticfield measurements in 136 stars. Our sample consists of 105 Ap and Bpstars, two PGa stars, 17 HgMn stars, three normal stars, and nine SPBstars. A magnetic field was for the first time detected in 57 Ap and Bpstars, in four HgMn stars, one PGa star, one normal B-type star and fourSPB stars.
| The Origins and Evolutionary Status of B Stars Found Far from the Galactic Plane. I. Composition and Spectral Features
The existence of faint blue stars far above the Galactic plane that havespectra that are similar to nearby Population I B stars presents severalinteresting questions. Among them are the following: Can a Population IB star travel from the disk to a position many kiloparsecs above theplane in a relatively short main-sequence lifetime? Is it possible thatsingle massive star formation is occurring far from the Galactic plane?Are these objects something else masquerading as main-sequence B stars?This paper (the first of two) analyzes the abundances of a sample ofthese stars and reveals several that are chemically similar to nearbyPopulation I B stars, whereas others clearly have abundance patternsmore like those expected in blue horizontal-branch (BHB) orpost-asymptotic giant branch stars. Several of those with old evolvedstar abundances also have interesting features of note in their spectra.We also consider why this sample does not have any classical Be starsand identify at least two nearby solar-metallicity BHB stars.Based on observations made at the 2.1 m Otto Struve Telescope ofMcDonald Observatory operated by the University of Texas at Austin.
| Absolute Properties of the Upper Main-Sequence Eclipsing Binary Star MU Cassiopeiae
We present 6151 differential observations in the V filter measured by arobotic telescope, as well as 29 pairs of radial velocities fromhigh-resolution spectroscopic observations, of the detached, EA-type,9.65 day period double-lined eclipsing binary star MU Cas. Absolutedimensions of the components are determined with good precision (betterthan 2% in the masses and radii) for the purpose of testing variousaspects of theoretical modeling. We obtain 4.57+/-0.09 Msolarand 3.67+/-0.04 Rsolar for the hotter, but smaller, lessmassive and less luminous photometric primary (star A), and 4.66+/-0.10Msolar and 4.19+/-0.05 Rsolar for the cooler,larger, more massive and more luminous photometric secondary (star B).The effective temperatures and interstellar reddening of the stars areaccurately determined from uvbyβ photometry: 15,100+/-500 K for theprimary, 14,750+/-500 K for the secondary-corresponding to spectraltypes of B5 and B5-and 0.356 mag for Eb-y. The stars arelocated at a distance of about 1.7 kpc near the plane of the Galacticdisk. The orbits of the stars are eccentric, and spectral line widthsgive observed rotational velocities that are synchronous with the meanorbital motion for both components. The components of MU Cas are uppermain-sequence stars with an age of about 65 Myr according to models.
| Absolute Properties of the Eclipsing Binary Star V459 Cassiopeiae
We present 5064 differential observations in the V filter measured by arobotic telescope, as well as 30 pairs of radial velocities fromhigh-resolution spectroscopic observations, of the detached, EA-type,8.46 day period double-lined eclipsing binary star V459 Cas. Absolutedimensions of the components are determined with good precision (betterthan 1.6% in the masses and radii) for the purpose of testing variousaspects of theoretical modeling. We obtain 2.02+/-0.03 Msolarand 2.009+/-0.013 Rsolar for the hotter, larger, more massiveand more luminous photometric primary (star A), and 1.96+/-0.03Msolar and 1.965+/-0.013 Rsolar for the cooler,smaller, less massive and less luminous photometric secondary (star B).The effective temperatures and interstellar reddening of the stars areaccurately determined from uvbyβ photometry: 9140+/-300 K for theprimary, 9100+/-300 K for the secondary-corresponding to spectral typesof A1-and 0.186 mag for Eb-y. The orbits are eccentric, andspectral line widths give observed rotational velocities that are muchfaster than synchronous for both components. The components of V459 Casare main-sequence stars with an age of about 525 Myr according tomodels.
| Absolute Properties of the Main-Sequence Eclipsing Binary Star V885 Cygni
We present 4179 differential observations in the V filter measured by arobotic telescope, as well as 25 pairs of radial velocities fromhigh-resolution spectroscopic observations, of the detached, EB-type,1.69 day period double-lined eclipsing binary star V885 Cyg. Absolutedimensions of the components are determined with high precision (betterthan 1.5% in the masses and radii) for the purpose of testing variousaspects of theoretical modeling. We obtain 2.005+/-0.029Msolar and 2.345+/-0.012 Rsolar for the hotter,but smaller, less massive and less luminous photometric primary (starA), and 2.234+/-0.026 Msolar and 3.385+/-0.026Rsolar for the cooler, larger, more massive and more luminousphotometric secondary (star B). The effective temperatures andinterstellar reddening of the stars are accurately determined fromuvbyβ photometry: 8375+/-150 K for the primary, 8150+/-150 K forthe secondary-corresponding to spectral types of A3m and A4m-and 0.058mag for Eb-y. The metallic-lined character of the stars isrevealed by high-resolution spectroscopy and uvbyβ photometry. Theorbits are circular, and spectral line widths give observed rotationalvelocities that are synchronous with the orbital motion for bothcomponents. The components of V885 Cyg are main-sequence stars with anage of about 500 Myr according to models. Our estimate of the age ofthis system would seem to favor the hydrodynamic damping formalism ofTassoul & Tassoul in this particular case, since both thecomponents' spins are synchronous and the orbit is circular.
| Rotational Velocities of B, A, and Early-F Narrow-lined Stars
Projected rotational velocities for 58 B, A, and early-F stars have beendetermined from high-resolution spectroscopic observations made at KittPeak National Observatory with the coudé feed telescope. All thestars are slowly rotating with vsini<60 km s-1. Because oftheir low rotational velocities, 15 of the stars have been observed asprospective, early-type, radial velocity standards.
| Absolute Properties of the Main-Sequence Eclipsing Binary Star BP Vulpeculae
We present 5236 differential observations in the V filter measured by arobotic telescope, as well as radial velocities from spectroscopicobservations, of the detached, eccentric 1.9 day double-lined eclipsingbinary star BP Vul. Absolute dimensions of the components are determinedwith high precision (better than 1% in the masses and radii) for thepurpose of testing various aspects of theoretical modeling. We obtain1.737+/-0.015 Msolar and 1.852+/-0.014 Rsolar forthe primary, and 1.408+/-0.009 Msolar and 1.489+/-0.014Rsolar for the secondary. The effective temperatures andinterstellar reddening of the stars are accurately determined fromuvbyβ photometry: 7700+/-150 K for the primary, 6800+/-150 K forthe secondary-corresponding to spectral types of A7m and F2m-and 0.022mag for Eb-y. The metallic-lined character of the stars isrevealed by high-resolution spectroscopy and uvbyβ photometry.Spectral line widths give rotational velocities that are synchronouswith the orbital motion for the secondary component, but subsynchronousfor the primary component, in a slightly eccentric orbit (e=0.0345).Apsidal motion based on times of minimum light appears to be negativewith a period of about 75 years based on recent observations of minima,but this result is not confirmed by the radial velocity measurements,and it is indeterminate when older photographic and visual data areincluded. The components of BP Vul are main-sequence stars with an ageof about 1 Gyr according to models.Some of the observations reported here were obtained with the MultipleMirror Telescope, a joint facility of the Smithsonian Institution andthe University of Arizona.
| Catalogue of averaged stellar effective magnetic fields. I. Chemically peculiar A and B type stars
This paper presents the catalogue and the method of determination ofaveraged quadratic effective magnetic fields < B_e > for 596 mainsequence and giant stars. The catalogue is based on measurements of thestellar effective (or mean longitudinal) magnetic field strengths B_e,which were compiled from the existing literature.We analysed the properties of 352 chemically peculiar A and B stars inthe catalogue, including Am, ApSi, He-weak, He-rich, HgMn, ApSrCrEu, andall ApSr type stars. We have found that the number distribution of allchemically peculiar (CP) stars vs. averaged magnetic field strength isdescribed by a decreasing exponential function. Relations of this typehold also for stars of all the analysed subclasses of chemicalpeculiarity. The exponential form of the above distribution function canbreak down below about 100 G, the latter value representingapproximately the resolution of our analysis for A type stars.Table A.1 and its references are only available in electronic form atthe CDS via anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/407/631 and Tables 3 to 9are only available in electronic form at http://www.edpsciences.org
| Rotational Velocities of B Stars
We measured the projected rotational velocities of 1092 northern B starslisted in the Bright Star Catalogue (BSC) and calibrated them againstthe 1975 Slettebak et al. system. We found that the published values ofB dwarfs in the BSC average 27% higher than those standards. Only 0.3%of the stars have rotational velocities in excess of two-thirds of thebreakup velocities, and the mean velocity is only 25% of breakup,implying that impending breakup is not a significant factor in reducingrotational velocities. For the B8-B9.5 III-V stars the bimodaldistribution in V can be explained by a set of slowly rotating Ap starsand a set of rapidly rotating normal stars. For the B0-B5 III-V starsthat include very few peculiar stars, the distributions in V are notbimodal. Are the low rotational velocities of B stars due to theoccurrence of frequent low-mass companions, planets, or disks? Therotational velocities of giants originating from late B dwarfs areconsistent with their conservation of angular momentum in shells.However, we are puzzled by why the giants that originate from the earlyB dwarfs, despite having 3 times greater radii, have nearly the samerotational velocities. We find that all B-type primaries in binarieswith periods less than 2.4 days have synchronized rotational and orbitalmotions; those with periods between 2.4 and 5.0 days are rotating withina factor 2 of synchronization or are ``nearly synchronized.'' Thecorresponding period ranges for A-type stars are 4.9 and 10.5 days, ortwice as large. We found that the rotational velocities of the primariesare synchronized earlier than their orbits are circularized. The maximumorbital period for circularized B binaries is 1.5 days and for Abinaries is 2.5 days. For stars of various ages from 107.5 to1010.2 yr the maximum circularized periods are a smoothexponential function of age.
| Absolute Properties of the Main-Sequence Eclipsing Binary Star WW Camelopardalis
We present absolute photometric observations in uvbyβ and 5759differential observations in the V filter (the most complete light curveever obtained) measured by a robotic telescope, as well as radialvelocities from spectroscopic observations of the detached, eccentric,2.3 day, double-lined, eclipsing binary star WW Camelopardalis. Absolutedimensions of the components are determined with high precision (betterthan 1% in the masses and radii) for the purpose of testing variousaspects of theoretical modeling. We obtain 1.920+/-0.013Msolar and 1.911+/-0.016 Rsolar for the primary,and 1.873+/-0.018 Msolar and 1.808+/-0.014 Rsolarfor the secondary. The effective temperatures and interstellar reddeningof the stars are accurately determined from new uvbyβ photometry:8350+/-135 K for the primary and 8240+/-135 K for the secondary,corresponding to a spectral type of A4m for both, and 0.294 mag forEb-y. The metallic-lined character of the stars is revealedby high-resolution spectroscopy and uvbyβ photometry. Spectral linewidths give rotational velocities that are synchronous with the orbitalmotion in a slightly eccentric orbit (e=0.0098). The components of WWCam are main-sequence stars with an age of about 490 Myr according tomodels. Some of the observations reported here were obtained with theMultiple Mirror Telescope, a joint facility of the SmithsonianInstitution and the University of Arizona.
| Rotational velocities of A-type stars in the northern hemisphere. II. Measurement of v sin i
This work is the second part of the set of measurements of v sin i forA-type stars, begun by Royer et al. (\cite{Ror_02a}). Spectra of 249 B8to F2-type stars brighter than V=7 have been collected at Observatoirede Haute-Provence (OHP). Fourier transforms of several line profiles inthe range 4200-4600 Å are used to derive v sin i from thefrequency of the first zero. Statistical analysis of the sampleindicates that measurement error mainly depends on v sin i and thisrelative error of the rotational velocity is found to be about 5% onaverage. The systematic shift with respect to standard values fromSlettebak et al. (\cite{Slk_75}), previously found in the first paper,is here confirmed. Comparisons with data from the literature agree withour findings: v sin i values from Slettebak et al. are underestimatedand the relation between both scales follows a linear law ensuremath vsin inew = 1.03 v sin iold+7.7. Finally, thesedata are combined with those from the previous paper (Royer et al.\cite{Ror_02a}), together with the catalogue of Abt & Morrell(\cite{AbtMol95}). The resulting sample includes some 2150 stars withhomogenized rotational velocities. Based on observations made atObservatoire de Haute Provence (CNRS), France. Tables \ref{results} and\ref{merging} are only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.125.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/393/897
| On the effective temperatures and surface gravities of superficially normal main sequence band B and A stars
Effective temperatures and surface gravities for 48 main sequence band Band A stars were found by matching optical region spectrophotometry andHγ profiles with the predictions of ATLAS9 solar composition modelatmospheres. When these values were compared with those found usingStrömgren uvbybeta photometry based on ATLAS6 model atmospheres, wefound a difference (photometry-spectrophotometry) of 25+/- 118 K for 29stars with 8000 K le Teff <= 10 050 K compared to 76 +/-105 K for 14 stars with 10 050 K <= Teff <= 17 000 K.The surface gravity scales are in agreement. These stars aresufficiently hot that their effective temperatures and surface gravitydeterminations are unaffected by discrepancies due to the choice ofMixing-Length or Canuto-Mazzitelli convection theories.
| The interpretation of Mn II emission from late-type B stars
The photospheric Mn Ii emission lines Wahlgren & Hubrig(\cite{wh2000}) detect in the spectra of several late-type B and HgMnstars and attribute to fluorescent excitation are more naturallyexplained by interlocked non-LTE effects acting in a photosphere inwhich the manganese abundance is stratified with depth. The case isparticularly strong for HD 186122 (46 Aql) and HD 179761 both of whichrequire the manganese overabundance to be concentrated to column massesof log (m)< ~-1.5.
| New results of magnetic field diagnosis in HgMn stars and normal late B-type stars
We suggested in a previous paper that three HgMn stars, HD 175640, HD178065, and HD 186122, may be suspected to possess a magnetic field thatcould be larger than 2 kG. We report here new observations of thesethree stars, three more HgMn stars, and four normal late B-type stars.The search was carried out by measuring the equivalent width of the FeII lambda 6147.7 Å line relative to the equivalent width of the FeII lambda 6149.2 Å line. The observed relative differences betweenthe equivalent widths of these Fe II lines are compared with thosederived from synthetic spectra computed by neglecting magnetic fieldeffects. To investigate the effect of oscillator strength uncertaintieson the results, we computed equivalent widths by using both Fe II loggf-values taken from Kurucz & Bell (\cite{KB95}) and Fe II loggf-values taken from Raassen & Uylings (2000). The comparison of thecomputed and observed equivalent widths based on the Kurucz & Bell(\cite{KB95}) atomic data leads us to conclude that all the stars of oursample, except HD 175640, are very likely to possess a magnetic field.On the other hand, the comparison of the computed and observedequivalent widths based on the Raassen & Uylings (2000) loggf-values suggests the possible presence of magnetic fields only inthree stars, the HgMn star HD 16717 and the two normal B-type stars HD179761 and HD 186568. The latter two are those in the sample with thelargest vsin i (15 km s-1 and 18 km s-1,respectively), so that the results for them are the most uncertain ones.
| Catalogue of Apparent Diameters and Absolute Radii of Stars (CADARS) - Third edition - Comments and statistics
The Catalogue, available at the Centre de Données Stellaires deStrasbourg, consists of 13 573 records concerning the results obtainedfrom different methods for 7778 stars, reported in the literature. Thefollowing data are listed for each star: identifications, apparentmagnitude, spectral type, apparent diameter in arcsec, absolute radiusin solar units, method of determination, reference, remarks. Commentsand statistics obtained from CADARS are given. The Catalogue isavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcar?J/A+A/367/521
| Neon abundances in normal late-B and mercury-manganese stars
We make new non-local thermodynamic equilibrium calculations to deducethe abundances of neon from visible-region echelle spectra of selectedNei lines in seven normal stars and 20HgMn stars. We find that the beststrong blend-free Ne line that can be used at the lower end of theeffective temperature Teff range is λ6402, althoughseveral other potentially useful Nei lines are found in the red regionof the spectra of these stars. The mean neon abundance in the normalstars (logA=8.10) is in excellent agreement with the standard abundanceof neon (8.08). However, in HgMn stars neon is almost universallyunderabundant, ranging from marginal deficits of 0.1-0.3dex tounderabundances of an order of magnitude or more. In many cases, thelines are so weak that only upper limits can be established. The mostextreme example found is υ Her with an underabundance of at least1.5dex. These underabundances are qualitatively expected from radiativeacceleration calculations, which show that Ne has a very small radiativeacceleration in the photosphere, and that it is expected to undergogravitational settling if the mixing processes are sufficiently weak andthere is no strong stellar wind. According to theoretical predictions,the low Ne abundances place an important constraint on the intensity ofsuch stellar winds, which must be less than10-14Msolaryr-1 if they arenon-turbulent.
| Absolute Dimensions of the Unevolved B-Type Eclipsing Binary GG Orionis
We present photometric observations in B and V, as well as spectroscopicobservations of the detached, eccentric 6.6 day double-lined eclipsingbinary GG Ori, a member of the Orion OB1 association. Absolutedimensions of the components, which are virtually identical, aredetermined to high accuracy (better than 1% in the masses and betterthan 2% in the radii) for the purpose of testing various aspects oftheoretical modeling. We obtain MA=2.342+/-0.016Msolar and RA=1.852+/-0.025 Rsolar forthe primary, and MB=2.338+/-0.017 Msolar andRB=1.830+/-0.025 Rsolar for the secondary. Theeffective temperature of both stars is 9950+/-200 K, corresponding to aspectral type of B9.5. GG Ori is very close to the zero-age mainsequence, and comparison with current stellar evolution models givesages of 65-82 Myr or 7.7 Myr, depending on whether the system isconsidered to be burning hydrogen on the main sequence or still in thefinal stages of pre-main-sequence contraction. Good agreement is foundin both scenarios for a composition close to solar. We have detectedapsidal motion in the binary at a rate of ω=0.00061d+/-0.00025dcycle-1, corresponding to an apsidal period ofU=10,700+/-4500 yr. A substantial fraction of this (~70%) is due to thecontribution from general relativity, and our measurement is entirelyconsistent with theory. The eccentric orbit of GG Ori is well explainedby tidal evolution models, but both theory and our measurements of therotational velocity of the components are as yet inconclusive as towhether the stars are synchronized with the orbital motion. Some of theobservations reported here were obtained with the Multiple MirrorTelescope, a joint facility of the Smithsonian Institution and theUniversity of Arizona.
| Accuracy of radial-velocity measurements for early-type stars. II. Investigations of spectrum mismatch from high-resolution observations
The accuracy with which radial velocities of early-type stars can bemeasured is limited in practice by the existence of asymmetricaldifferences between object and template spectrum, constituting``spectrum mismatch''. Our studies of the magnitude of spectrum-mismatcherrors, commenced in Paper I (Verschueren et al. \cite{VDG99}) on thebasis of synthetic spectra having different attributes of effectivetemperature (Teff and {log g}, are continued here in acomplementary approach that employs observed spectra. From over 60de-archived observations we derive accurate wavelength scales for thespectra of 16 dwarfs of spectral types B8-F7, and examine the results ofcross-correlating the spectra against different (observed) templatespectra. We also test the effects of (a) truncating the spectra atdifferent levels below the continuum, (b) adding rotational broadeningto enforce a visual match of line-width between object and template, (c)applying rotational broadening to exacerbate a rotational mismatch, and(d) neglecting the presence of faint companion spectra. We alsocross-correlate pairs of spectra such that the differences between theirTeff are minimal. We conclude that it will be possible tomeasure radial velocities to an accuracy considerably better than 1 kms-1 for slowly-rotating stars in the range of spectral typesexamined, and a careful discussion of the nature and sources of therandom and systematic errors that become significant in work of thisnature enables us to specify conditions that are important for achievingsuch accuracy routinely. We find that both rotational broadening, andthe star-to-star variations in line strengths that are so prevelantamong A-type spectra, can give rise to more deleterious mismatch shifts(RV errors) than do differences in Teff alone, even for DeltaTeff as great as 300-400 K. By intercomparing the resultsgiven by wide regions of spectrum ( ~ 800 Å) with those obtainedby isolating small groups of features in very narrow windows ( ~ 30Å), we have been able to designate a window near lambda 4570Åthat should be particularly reliable for high-accuracy results,and we propose further studies at very high S/N ratio in that specificwindow to complement and extend the results of the present paper.
| Emission lines in the spectra of late-B type stars
We report detections of weak emission lines in the red spectral regionof sharp-lined chemically normal and peculiar (HgMn) late-B type starsfrom high spectral resolution and high signal-to-noise data. Mostemission lines originate from high-excitation states of the ions Cr IIand Mn II, with others likely to be attributed to Ti II and Fe II. Theemission is observed to extend over the entire line profile width forrotational velocities up to 18 km s-1, implying that itoriginates within the same rotational framework as the absorption linespectrum. Within the sample no obvious correlation is noted for thepresence of emission with regard to stellar effective temperature orluminosity. A dependence upon element abundance is evident from theabsence of Mn II emission for HgMn stars for which the manganeseenhancement is greater than 1.3 dex. This trend is mildly reinforced bythe chromium emission spectrum being most developed amongst stars richerin chromium. We postulate that the Cr II and Mn II emissions in the redspectral region arise from a selective excitation process involvinghydrogen Lyalpha photon energies.
| Stellar Spectroscopy in NGC 6611: Binary Frequency and New Spectral Types of Several Early Type Stars
Not Available
| Absolute Dimensions of the A-Type Eclipsing Binary V364 Lacertae
We present photoelectric observations in B and V, as well asspectroscopic observations of the 7.3 day period double-lined eclipsingbinary V364 Lacertae. From the analysis of the light curves and theradial velocity curves we have determined the absolute dimensions of thecomponents with high precision (<~1%). The masses for the primary andsecondary are M_A=2.333+/-0.015 M_solar and M_B=2.296+/-0.025 M_solar,respectively, and the radii are R_A=3.307+/-0.038 R_solar andR_B=2.985+/-0.035 R_solar. We derive also effective temperatures ofT^A_eff=8250+/-150 K and T^B_eff=8500+/-150 K, and projected rotationalvelocities of v_Asini=45+/-1 km s^-1 and v_Bsini=15+/-1 km s^-1.Evolutionary tracks from current stellar evolution models are in goodagreement with the observations for a system age of logt=8.792 (6.2x10^8yr) and for solar metallicity. Hints of a lower metallicity fromspectroscopy and photometry appear to be ruled out by these models, buta definitive comparison must await a more accurate spectroscopicabundance determination. Analysis of all available eclipse timings alongwith our radial velocities of this moderately eccentric system(e=0.2873+/-0.0014) has revealed a small but significant motion of theline of apsides of ω=0.00258+/-0.00033 deg cycle^-1, correspondingto an apsidal period of U=2810+/-360 yr. The contribution from generalrelativity effects is significant (~17%). A comparison with predictionsfrom interior structure models shows the real stars to be lessconcentrated in mass than expected. Our measurements of the projectedrotational velocities indicate that the primary star is essentiallypseudosynchronized (synchronized at periastron), while the secondary isspinning 3 times more slowly and is not yet synchronized. Both therotational status of the stars and the nonzero eccentricity of the orbitare consistent with the predictions from tidal theory, specifically forthe radiative damping mechanism.
| A Second Catalog of Orbiting Astronomical Observatory 2 Filter Photometry: Ultraviolet Photometry of 614 Stars
Ultraviolet photometry from the Wisconsin Experiment Package on theOrbiting Astronomical Observatory 2 (OAO 2) is presented for 614 stars.Previously unpublished magnitudes from 12 filter bandpasses withwavelengths ranging from 1330 to 4250 Å have been placed on thewhite dwarf model atmosphere absolute flux scale. The fluxes wereconverted to magnitudes using V=0 for F(V)=3.46x10^-9 ergs cm^-2 s^-1Å^-1, or m_lambda=-2.5logF_lambda-21.15. This second catalogeffectively doubles the amount of OAO 2 photometry available in theliterature and includes many objects too bright to be observed withmodern space observatories.
| Radial velocities. Measurements of 2800 B2-F5 stars for HIPPARCOS
Radial velocities have been determined for a sample of 2930 B2-F5 stars,95% observed by the Hipparcos satellite in the north hemisphere and 80%without reliable radial velocity up to now. Observations were obtainedat the Observatoire de Haute Provence with a dispersion of 80Ä,mm(-1) with the aim of studying stellar and galactic dynamics.Radial velocities have been measured by correlation with templates ofthe same spectral class. The mean obtained precision is 3.0 km s(-1)with three observations. A new MK spectral classification is estimatedfor all stars. Based on observations made at the Haute ProvenceObservatory, France and on data from The Hipparcos Catalogue, ESA.Tables 4, 5 and 6 are only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.htm
| Delta a and Stroemgren photometry of stars in the Renson-catalogue of AP and AM stars
We have observed 131 stars of \cite[Renson's (1991)]{re91} catalogue ofAp and Am stars both in the Stroemgren & Maitzen's (1976) Delta asystem as a contribution to the photometric studies of the lambda 5200broad band flux depression feature in chemically peculiar stars. Withfew exceptions the probability grouping of Renson for membership in theCP2 group of peculiar stars is nicely reflected by peculiar values ofDelta a. Comparison with already available Delta a values yieldsslightly larger values due to a minor shift in the filter g_1 samplingthe depression. As found by \cite[Maitzen & Vogt (1983)]{ma83} theGeneva system peculiarity parameters correlate well with Delta a. Thisstudy demonstrates the advantageous performance of a photoelectricphotometer with a rapidly rotating filter wheel moving in a stop and gomode. Tables 3 and 4 are also available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Detection of atmospheric velocity fields in A-type stars
High signal-to-noise spectra with spectral resolution of more than 10(5)have been obtained of one normal B9.5V, one normal A1V, two Am stars,and two HgMn B stars having v sin i less than 6 km s(-1) . These spectraare modeled with LTE line profile synthesis to test the extent to whichthe spectrum of each star can be modeled correctly with a single set ofparameters T_e, log g, chemical abundances, v sin i, and(depth-independent) microturbulent velocity xi . The answer to thisquestion is important for abundance analysis of A and B stars; ifconventional line synthesis does not reproduce the line profilesobserved in stars of small v sin i, results obtained from such analysisare not likely to be very precise. The comparison of models withobservations is then used to search for direct evidence of atmosphericmotions, including line-strength dependent broadening, line core shape,and line asymmetries, in order to study how the microturbulence derivedfrom abundance analysis is related to more direct evidence ofatmospheric velocity fields. It is found for the three stars with 12,000>= T_e >= 10,200 K (the normal star 21 Peg and the two HgMn stars53 Tau and HD 193452) that xi is less than 1 km s(-1) , and lineprofiles are reproduced accurately by the synthesis with a single set ofparameters. The slightly cooler (T_e ~ 9800 K) star HD 72660 has only aslightly stronger surface convective layer than the hotter stars, butfor this star xi ~ 2.2 km s(-1) . Strong spectral lines all showsignificant asymmetry, with the blue line wing deeper than the red wing,and have line bisectors which have curvature towards the blue with aspan of about 0.5 to 1.0 km s(-1) . A single model fits all linessatisfactorily. The two Am stars (HD 108642 and 32 Aqr), with T_e ~ 8000K, are found to have much larger values of xi (4 to 5 km s(-1) ). Thestrong spectral lines of these two stars are extremely asymmetric, withdepressed blue wings, and the bisectors have spans of order 3 km s(-1) .No consistent fit to all lines can be found with a single model of thetype used here. It is concluded (a) that classical LTE line synthesis isable to reproduce with considerable accuracy the line profiles of late Band early A stars with T_e above about 9500 K, but that the LTE modelwith depth-independent microturbulence provides a very poorapproximation for cooler A stars, (b) that curve-of-growthmicroturbulent velocities in A stars are related to directly detectableatmospheric velocity fields, and (c) that the discrepancies betweencalculated and observed line profiles in stars with temperatures in thevicinity of 8000 K are so large that abundances derived mainly fromsaturated lines may well contain significant errors. As a by-product,laboratory gf values for Fe II between 3800 and 5300 Angstroms have beencombined to form a set of data optimized for internal consistency of thegf values. Based on observations obtained with the Canada-France-Hawaiitelescope, operated by the National Research Council of Canada, theCentre National de Recherche Scientifique of France, and the Universityof Hawaii, and with the 1.52-m telescope of the Observatoire de HauteProvence, operated by the Centre National de Recherche Scientifique ofFrance.
| The HR-diagram from HIPPARCOS data. Absolute magnitudes and kinematics of BP - AP stars
The HR-diagram of about 1000 Bp - Ap stars in the solar neighbourhoodhas been constructed using astrometric data from Hipparcos satellite aswell as photometric and radial velocity data. The LM method\cite{luri95,luri96} allows the use of proper motion and radial velocitydata in addition to the trigonometric parallaxes to obtain luminositycalibrations and improved distances estimates. Six types of Bp - Apstars have been examined: He-rich, He-weak, HgMn, Si, Si+ and SrCrEu.Most Bp - Ap stars lie on the main sequence occupying the whole width ofit (about 2 mag), just like normal stars in the same range of spectraltypes. Their kinematic behaviour is typical of thin disk stars youngerthan about 1 Gyr. A few stars found to be high above the galactic planeor to have a high velocity are briefly discussed. Based on data from theESA Hipparcos astrometry satellite and photometric data collected in theGeneva system at ESO, La Silla (Chile) and at Jungfraujoch andGornergrat Observatories (Switzerland). Tables 3 and 4 are onlyavailable in electronic form at the CDS via anonymous ftp tocdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| A catalogue of [Fe/H] determinations: 1996 edition
A fifth Edition of the Catalogue of [Fe/H] determinations is presentedherewith. It contains 5946 determinations for 3247 stars, including 751stars in 84 associations, clusters or galaxies. The literature iscomplete up to December 1995. The 700 bibliographical referencescorrespond to [Fe/H] determinations obtained from high resolutionspectroscopic observations and detailed analyses, most of them carriedout with the help of model-atmospheres. The Catalogue is made up ofthree formatted files: File 1: field stars, File 2: stars in galacticassociations and clusters, and stars in SMC, LMC, M33, File 3: numberedlist of bibliographical references The three files are only available inelectronic form at the Centre de Donnees Stellaires in Strasbourg, viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5), or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/Abstract.html
| Elemental abundances in normal late-B and HgMn stars from co-added IUE spectra V. Mercury.
Atmospheric mercury abundances are derived for a sample of 40main-sequence, late-B stars, of which 14 are classified normal, and 26are known chemically peculiar stars of HgMn or related He-weak types.The observational material for this study comprises co-added,short-wavelength IUE spectra encompassing the HgII λ1942resonance line, coupled with a selection of new and publishedmeasurements (equivalent widths and centroid wavelengths) of the opticalHgII λ3984 and HgI λ4358 lines. The analysis includes anexplicit treatment of the isotopic and hyperfine structure of theselines, and allows for star-to-star variations in the isotopiccomposition of mercury within the framework of an assumed,mass-dependent fractionation model. The relative isotopic abundances ofmercury (as defined by a dimensionless mix parameter, q) are determinedusing the graphical method pioneered by White et al. In agreement withprevious studies, q is found to be strongly anti-correlated witheffective temperature, in the sense that the coolest stars are dominatedby the heaviest isotopes (e.g., ^202^Hg and ^204^Hg). New isotopic-mixparameters for three programme stars - 87 Psc (q=0.3), 28 Her (q=2.8),and HR 7775 (q=1.5) - reinforce that anti-correlation. Syntheticreconstruction of the λ3984 line in those programme stars forwhich high-resolution spectra are available tends to confirm theisotopic mixtures derived using the graphical method, and lends validityto the mass-dependent fractionation model in general. However, theλ3984 feature observed in the cool HgMn star HR 7775 can only besatisfactorily reproduced by using a tailored isotopic mixture, whichdeparts significantly from that predicted by the q-formalism. Theλ1942 resonance line is detected in 10 normal B stars, for whichthe mean isotope-summed mercury abundance of 1.96+/-0.34dex (on thescale where logN(H)=12) exceeds the meteoritic value by nearly 3σ.The mercury abundances derived for the HgMn stars vary between ~5 and7dex, except for two objects (53 Tau and HR 2676) in which theabundances are consistent with those observed in the normal stars. TheHe-weak stars in the programme (33 Gem, HR 6000, 36 Lyn, and 46 Aql)appear to be mildly enriched in mercury, but to an extent rendereduncertain by unknown isotopic-mix parameters. The abundances obtainedfrom the optical and ultraviolet lines agree to within their estimatederrors, which lends weight to the view that the metastable lower levelof λ3984 (5d^9^6s^2^^2^D_5/2_) is not overpopulated with respectto its LTE value. The isotope-summed mercury abundances are notcorrelated with the effective temperatures, surface gravities, or degreeof isotopic fractionation of the programme stars; nor is there evidencefor systematic changes in the surface mercury abundances of HgMn starsalong evolutionary tracks in the H-R diagram.
| The ROSAT all-sky survey catalogue of optically bright OB-type stars.
For the detailed statistical analysis of the X-ray emission of hot starswe selected all stars of spectral type O and B listed in the Yale BrightStar Catalogue and searched for them in the ROSAT All-Sky Survey. Inthis paper we describe the selection and preparation of the data andpresent a compilation of the derived X-ray data for a complete sample ofbright OB stars.
| Elemental abundances in normal late-B and HgMn stars from co-added IUE spectra. IV. Gallium.
An analysis is presented of the ultraviolet gallium resonance lines inInternational Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) spectra of 40 normal,superficially normal, and HgMn-type late-B stars. Gallium abundances arederived by fitting the GaIIλ1414, and GaIIIλλ1495,1534 lines with synthetic spectra computed under the conventionalassumptions of local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) and atmosphericchemical homogeneity. We find that the derived upper limits on thegallium abundances of the normal and superficially normal stars areconsistent with the solar value. However, gallium is overabundant inessentially all HgMn stars, including the cooler examples such as HR4072, χ Lup, and ι CrB, where the enhancements are relativelymoderate and unambiguous identification of the resonance lines dependscritically on newly available laboratory wavelengths. Furthermore, thegallium overabundances in the HgMn stars exhibit a loose correlationwith effective temperature, similar in most respects to those identifiedfor manganese and copper in the same stars except for the presence ofthe anomalously Ga-rich, cool HgMn star HR 7775. We show that asystematic discrepancy between the abundances derived from the Ga^+^ andGa^2+^ ions in the hotter HgMn stars (T_eff_>12000K) can be explainedby radiative transfer effects in the presence of a stratification ofgallium at optical depths above logτ_0_=~0. This `stratificationmodel' can also account for the anomalously shaped Gaiii λ1495profiles observed in the extreme cases of μ Lep, HR 2844, and HR 7143(as demonstrated in a previous paper), and is consistent with publishedpredictions of radiative diffusion theory for non-magnetic stars.
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