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Prospects for population synthesis in the H band: NeMo grids of stellar atmospheres compared to observations
Context: .For applications in population synthesis, libraries oftheoretical stellar spectra are often considered an alternative totemplate libraries of observed spectra, because they allow a completesampling of stellar parameters. Most of the attention in publishedtheoretical spectral libraries has been devoted to the visual wavelengthrange.Aims.The goal of the present work is to explore the near-infraredrange where few observed fully calibrated spectra and no theoreticallibraries are available.Methods.We make a detailed comparison oftheoretical spectra in the range 1.57-1.67 μm for spectral types fromA to early M and for giant and dwarf stars, with observed stellarspectra at resolutions around 3000, which would be sufficient todisentangle the different groups of late-type stars. We selected theNeMo grids of stellar atmospheres to perform this comparison.Results.Wefirst demonstrate that observed spectral flux distributions can bematched very well with theoretical ones for almost the entire parameterrange covered by the NeMo grids at moderate resolution in the visualrange. In the infrared range, although the overall shape of the observedflux distributions still matches reasonably well, the individualspectral features are reproduced by the theoretical spectra only forstars earlier than mid F type. For later spectral types the differencesincrease, and theoretical spectra of K type stars have systematicallyweaker line features than those found in observations. Thesediscrepancies are traced back to stem primarily from incomplete data onneutral atomic lines, although some of them are also related tomolecules.Conclusions.Libraries of theoretical spectra for A to early Mtype stars can be successfully used in the visual regions for populationsynthesis, but their application in the infrared is restricted to earlyand intermediate type stars. Improving atomic data in the near infraredis a key element in making the construction of reliable libraries ofstellar spectra feasible in the infrared.
| Local kinematics of K and M giants from CORAVEL/Hipparcos/Tycho-2 data. Revisiting the concept of superclusters
The availability of the Hipparcos Catalogue has triggered many kinematicand dynamical studies of the solar neighbourhood. Nevertheless, thosestudies generally lacked the third component of the space velocities,i.e., the radial velocities. This work presents the kinematic analysisof 5952 K and 739 M giants in the solar neighbourhood which includes forthe first time radial velocity data from a large survey performed withthe CORAVEL spectrovelocimeter. It also uses proper motions from theTycho-2 catalogue, which are expected to be more accurate than theHipparcos ones. An important by-product of this study is the observedfraction of only 5.7% of spectroscopic binaries among M giants ascompared to 13.7% for K giants. After excluding the binaries for whichno center-of-mass velocity could be estimated, 5311 K and 719 M giantsremain in the final sample. The UV-plane constructed from these datafor the stars with precise parallaxes (σπ/π≤20%) reveals a rich small-scale structure, with several clumpscorresponding to the Hercules stream, the Sirius moving group, and theHyades and Pleiades superclusters. A maximum-likelihood method, based ona Bayesian approach, has been applied to the data, in order to make fulluse of all the available stars (not only those with precise parallaxes)and to derive the kinematic properties of these subgroups. Isochrones inthe Hertzsprung-Russell diagram reveal a very wide range of ages forstars belonging to these groups. These groups are most probably relatedto the dynamical perturbation by transient spiral waves (as recentlymodelled by De Simone et al. \cite{Simone2004}) rather than to clusterremnants. A possible explanation for the presence of younggroup/clusters in the same area of the UV-plane is that they have beenput there by the spiral wave associated with their formation, while thekinematics of the older stars of our sample has also been disturbed bythe same wave. The emerging picture is thus one of dynamical streamspervading the solar neighbourhood and travelling in the Galaxy withsimilar space velocities. The term dynamical stream is more appropriatethan the traditional term supercluster since it involves stars ofdifferent ages, not born at the same place nor at the same time. Theposition of those streams in the UV-plane is responsible for the vertexdeviation of 16.2o ± 5.6o for the wholesample. Our study suggests that the vertex deviation for youngerpopulations could have the same dynamical origin. The underlyingvelocity ellipsoid, extracted by the maximum-likelihood method afterremoval of the streams, is not centered on the value commonly acceptedfor the radial antisolar motion: it is centered on < U > =-2.78±1.07 km s-1. However, the full data set(including the various streams) does yield the usual value for theradial solar motion, when properly accounting for the biases inherent tothis kind of analysis (namely, < U > = -10.25±0.15 kms-1). This discrepancy clearly raises the essential questionof how to derive the solar motion in the presence of dynamicalperturbations altering the kinematics of the solar neighbourhood: doesthere exist in the solar neighbourhood a subset of stars having no netradial motion which can be used as a reference against which to measurethe solar motion?Based on observations performed at the Swiss 1m-telescope at OHP,France, and on data from the ESA Hipparcos astrometry satellite.Full Table \ref{taba1} is only available in electronic form at the CDSvia anonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/430/165}
| Merged catalogue of reflection nebulae
Several catalogues of reflection nebulae are merged to create a uniformcatalogue of 913 objects. It contains revised coordinates,cross-identifications of nebulae and stars, as well as identificationswith IRAS point sources.The catalogue is only available in electronic form at the CDS viaanonymous ftp to cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (130.79.128.5) or viahttp://cdsweb.u-strasbg.fr/cgi-bin/qcat?J/A+A/399/141
| Spectroscopy of Galaxies in the Bootes Void
We investigate the physical properties of a sample of 26 galaxies in theBootes void and classify these galaxies based on the emission lines intheir spectra. Fourteen galaxies are classified as H II galaxies withproperties similar to field H II galaxies. Two of these galaxies,1432+5302 and 1507+4554, are extreme starburst galaxies. Approximatelyhalf of the galaxies with measurable Hα+[N II] emission haveelevated rates of star formation. Analysis of the galaxy continuasuggests that approximately one-third of the void galaxies have largepopulations of blue stars. Stellar absorption features from metals inmore than half the galaxies in the sample indicate the presence oflate-type stars. Emission lines are detected from the H I galaxy1517+3949 for the first time. Two systems, 1510+4727 and 1517+3956, areidentified as closely interacting galaxy pairs, bringing the totalnumber of known galaxy pairs in the void to four. The galaxy 1458+4944is a LINER, making at least five AGNs in the void. Classifications ofeight galaxies in the sample remain unknown. The galaxies in the Bootesvoid are similar to field emission-line galaxies with respect to stellarpopulations, emission-line properties, fraction of AGN and fraction ofgalaxy pairs. This result is inconsistent with some models of galaxyformation in low-density environments.
| Stellar populations in active galactic nuclei. II. Population synthesis
The relationship of an AGN to its host galaxy is one crucial question inthe study of galaxy evolution. We present a method to estimate thestellar contribution in active galactic nuclei. We perform stellarpopulation synthesis in the central regions of a sample of 12 galaxiesof different levels of activity: normal galaxies, starburst galaxies,LINERs, Seyfert 2 and Seyfert 1 galaxies. Quantification of the stellarcontribution is carried out in the visible range (5000 to 8800 Ä)using the equivalent widths of the absorption features throughout thespectrum. The synthesis is done by a variant of the new GPG method(Pelat, 1997). This method, contrary to previous ones, gives a uniquesolution. We find quite different stellar populations for the differenttypes of activity, which seems to be indicative of an age sequence. Thestarburst galaxies present the youngest populations of the sample. TheSeyfert 2 nuclei and NGC 1275, a Seyfert 1 with signs of interaction andwhere young stellar clusters have been found, also show the contributionof a young population, less intense than in the starburst galaxies butmetal rich. NGC 3516, a typical Seyfert 1, has a normal populationcharacteristic of galaxies of the same Hubble type and finally theLINERs show the oldest populations in the sample, metal rich, withlittle star formation still going on. It is found that a strong CaIItriplet, even though these lines are sensitive to gravity, does notimply necessarily a stellar population dominated by supergiant stars.Based on observations collected at the Canadian-French-HawaiianTelescope, Hawaii, and Observatoire de Haute Provence, France.
| Quantitative spectral classification of galactic disc K-M stars from spectrophotometric measurements
New spectral observations for 47 southern galactic red supergiantsobtained with the new RUBIKON spectrophotometer (developed at theAstronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universitat Bochum) at the Bochum 61-cmtelescope on La Silla are presented. The spectra range from 4800 to 7700A and their resolution is 10 A. The mean error of absolute fluxes is0.028 mag and that of relative fluxes 0.021 mag. The spectra will beavailable at the Strasbourg Stellar Database (CDS). Together with datataken from recently published spectral catalogues, the new observationshave been used to define spectral indices as measures of the strengthsof the following features: Fe i+TiOalpha_1, Mgb+TiOalpha_0,NaD+TiOgamma'_1, TiOgamma'_0 and TiOgamma_1 systems. The indices havebeen checked against errors introduced by reductions, interstellarreddening and different resolutions of different spectral catalogues,and have been found to be very insensitive to all these effects.Therefore, different catalogues may be combined without any loss ofaccuracy and homogeneity. The mean error of a single index has beenfound to be 0.011 mag. For stars from K4 to M7, a strong temperaturedependence is found for all indices. For the Fe i+TiO and especially theMgb+TiO features, a strong dependence on luminosity has also beenobserved. These indices therefore have been combined to form aluminosity index, while the others together form a spectral index. Thecombined indices have been calibrated in terms of MK data using thestepwise linear regression technique, and may be used for quantitativetwo- dimensional spectral classification of late K- and M-type stars.The mean error of the classification is 0.6 of spectral subtype and 0.8of luminosity class, which is much higher than would be expected fromthe uncertainty of the indices alone (which, e.g., for an M4 giantcorrespond to an uncertainty of 0.1 of spectral subtype and 0.3 ofluminosity class). This may be explained by the uncertainty of theoriginal MK classifications and the variability of some programme stars.
| A Survey of Near-Infrared Emission in Visual Reflection Nebulae
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1996ApJS..102..369S&db_key=AST
| Classification of Population II Stars in the Vilnius Photometric System. I. Methods
The methods used for classification of Population II stars in theVilnius photometric system are described. An extensive set of standardswith known astrophysical parameters compiled from the literature sourcesis given. These standard stars are classified in the Vilnius photometricsystem using the methods described. The accuracy of classification isevaluated by a comparison of the astrophysical parameters derived fromthe Vilnius photometric system with those estimated from spectroscopicstudies as well as from photometric data in other systems. For dwarfsand subdwarfs, we find a satisfactory agreement between our reddeningsand those estimated in the uvbyscriptstyle beta system. The standarddeviation of [Fe/H] deter mined in the Vilnius system is about 0.2 dex.The absolute magnitude for dwarfs and subdwarfs is estimated with anaccuracy of scriptstyle <=0.5 mag.
| Vitesses radiales. Catalogue WEB: Wilson Evans Batten. Subtittle: Radial velocities: The Wilson-Evans-Batten catalogue.
We give a common version of the two catalogues of Mean Radial Velocitiesby Wilson (1963) and Evans (1978) to which we have added the catalogueof spectroscopic binary systems (Batten et al. 1989). For each star,when possible, we give: 1) an acronym to enter SIMBAD (Set ofIdentifications Measurements and Bibliography for Astronomical Data) ofthe CDS (Centre de Donnees Astronomiques de Strasbourg). 2) the numberHIC of the HIPPARCOS catalogue (Turon 1992). 3) the CCDM number(Catalogue des Composantes des etoiles Doubles et Multiples) byDommanget & Nys (1994). For the cluster stars, a precise study hasbeen done, on the identificator numbers. Numerous remarks point out theproblems we have had to deal with.
| A Study of the Kinematics of the Local Dark Clouds
Not Available
| The optical spectrum of FG Sagittae during its recent decline in brightness
We describe low- and intermediate-resolution optical spectra of thepeculiar variable star FG Sagittae that were obtained during the laterstages of its current episode of sharply diminished optical luminosity.In the region from 5600 to 6700 A, the line spectrum is essentially thesame as it was in 1983: it contains lines of Fe-peak elements typical ofluminous stars of spectral type G or early K, together with a forest oflines due to heavy elements associated with traditional s-processspecies, e.g., Zr, Ba, Ce, La, Sm, and Y. Estimates of (B - V), derivedfrom these flux-calibrated spectra, show that from early November 1992onward, the continuum grew progressively redder until by the end of1992, the color of the central star became even redder than it wasbefore the onset of the current episode. The present results arecompatible with a model in which the diminution in optical luminosity isthe result of the ejection of a semitransparent dust shell by thecentral star, as proposed by Woodward et al. (1993). There is nocompelling evidence to suggest that the central star is returning to itspre-1960 state within the domain of hot stars.
| A new library of stellar optical spectra
Attention is given to a new digital optical stellar library consistingof spectra covering 3510-8930 R at 11-A resolution for 72 differentstellar types. These types extend over the spectral classes O-M andluminosity classes I-V. Most spectra are of solar metallicity stars butsome metal-rich and metal-poor spectra are included. This new library isquantitatively compared to two previously published libraries. It offersseveral advantages over them: it is photometrically well-calibratedindividually and consistently from star to star. Good temperature andluminosity coverage has been achieved. The incorporation of stars withwell-determined temperature, metallicity, and surface gravity parametersincreases the accuracy of the spectral type assigned to each compositelibrary star.
| Photometrical Processing of CCD Images of Galaxies
Not Available
| The excitation of 12 micron emission from very small particles
The results of IRAS observations of visual reflection nebulaeilluminated by stars with effective temperatures between 3000 and 33,000K are presented. The ratio of the energy radiated in the IRAS 12-micronsband to the total energy radiated at far-infrared wavelengths (60 and100 microns) is about 0.2, with little or no dependence on thetemperature of the illuminating star for stellar temperatures betweenabout 5000 and 33,000 K. This is interpreted as requiring that visualphotons as well as ultraviolet photons are capable of exciting12-microns emission from very small particles.
| Interstellar extinction in the vicinity of the reflection nebula NGC 1333 in Perseus
The dependence of interstellar extinction on distance in the directionof a dark cloud around the reflection nebula NGC 1333 is determined onthe basis of photoelectric Vilnius photometry and photometricclassification of 78 stars. Two dust clouds are noted at distances 160and 220 pc. The first one, with mean extinction of 0.4 mag, is concludedto belong to the Taurus cloud complex and the second cloud, with meanextinction of 1.8 mag, belongs to the chain of dark clouds and otheryoung objects which is almost perpendicular to the spiral arm but liesabout 80 pc below the Galactic plane. The star BD +30 459 deg, whichilluminates the NGC 1333 nebula, is at a distance 212 pc from the sun.No extinction increase behind the Perseus cloud is detected.
| The luminosity of reflection nebulae
Consideration is given to the connection between the dispersion inHubble's relation for reflection nebulae and their morphologicalcharacteristics. Statistical estimates show that the reflection nebulaeconnected with more opaque dust-gas clouds, compared to those near lessopaque clouds, have large values of Delta-B (the measure of deviationsin Hubble's relation) and a high surface brightness. These propertiesare more pronounced in the Herbig Ae/Be stars. Stars in the nebulaeconnected with more opaque dust-gas clouds were found to exhibit excessreddening, with R above 3.1. It is concluded that the dispersion in theHubble relation is mainly due to the optical depth of the nebulae.
| Chemical Composition of the Atmospheres of 15 G-K Giants of Differing Metallicity
Not Available
| Three-dimensional classification of 78 metal-deficient giants in the Vinius photometric system
Not Available
| Photoelectric photometry of metal-deficient giants of spectral types G and K in the Vilnius system
Not Available
| A library of stellar spectra
Spectra for 161 stars having spectral classes O-M and luminosity classesV, III, and I have been incorporated into a library available onmagnetic tape. The spectra extend from 3510 to 7427 A at a resolution ofabout 4.5 A. The typical photometric uncertainty of each resolutionelement in the spectra is on the order of 1 percent while broad-bandvariations are smaller than 3 percent. Potential uses for the libraryinclude population synthesis of galaxies and clusters, tests of stellaratmosphere models, spectral classification, and the generation of colorindices having arbitrary wavelength and bandpass.
| Proper motions of Herbig-Haro objects. III - HH-7 through -11, HH-12, and HH-32
Proper motions have been measured on Crossley and 120-in. plates foradditional Herbig-Haro Objects. The bright, nearly stellar HH-11 showsdefinite motion away from the heavily obscured H2O maser and infraredsource SSV-13, about 16 arc sec distant. Three other nearby Objects showno detectable motions. Repetitive ejection from the vicinity of SSV-13at intervals of greater than 500 years is suggested. Nuclei in thenearby extended object HH-12 show motion away from another obscuredstar, SSV-11, of type M1e-alpha. The indicated travel time is 800-1400years. All these Objects have negative radial velocities with respect tothe molecular cloud, and lie in regions of negative CO velocity. NoObjects have been found on the opposite sides of the exciting stars,where the velocity would presumably be positive. HH-32A, B are movingaway from the bright T Tauri star AS-353A, and have both large positivevelocities and double emission lines. The line splitting is interpretedin terms of pre- and post-shock gas on the front side of an (invisible)obstacle in the wind from AS-353A.
| HD 21110 - a star showing variable dust absorption?
Not Available
| Molecular clouds associated with reflection nebulae. I - A survey of carbon monoxide emission
The paper presents 2.6 mm wavelength CO and (C-13)O observations of 130molecular clouds associated with reflection nebulae. Enhanced COemission was found in the vicinity of the illuminating star in abouthalf the objects studied. There is a tendency for the CO peak to beslightly displaced from the star. Many examples of peaks that appear toresult from heating of the cloud by the nearby star are found, whileothers appear to be associated with independent concentrations ofmaterial.
| Infrared observations of late-type stars in nebulae.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1975PASP...87..421C&db_key=AST
| Catalog of Indidual Radial Velocities, 0h-12h, Measured by Astronomers of the Mount Wilson Observatory
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1970ApJS...19..387A&db_key=AST
| Stars in reflection nebulae
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1968AJ.....73..233R&db_key=AST
| A study of reflection nebulae.
Abstract image available at:http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-bib_query?1966AJ.....71..990V&db_key=AST
| Studies of bright diffuse galactic nebulae with special regard to their spatial distribution.
Not Available
| TThe source of luminosity in galactic nebulae.
Not Available
| A general study of diffuse galactic nebulae.
Not Available
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